"石射文书"与1938年宇垣对华"和平外交"谋略

1938年5月,宇垣一咸担任第一次近卫內阁外务大臣,重新探求对华"谋和"之路.日本外务省东亚局长石射猪太郎的"石射文书",对宇垣谋划对华"和平外交"政策具有重要影响.本文主要运用日本原始档案资料,考证宇垣对华"和平外交"谋略实施和交涉过程,分析宇垣对华"和平外交"谋略实质.从而为我们进一步认识日本侵华历史提供又一佐证.     

Österreichische Ärzteemigration 1934-1945 - Zwischen neuem Tätigkeitsgebiet und organisierten Rückkehrplänen

Information on emigrant doctors and university teachers of medicine from Austria is rather poor up to now. This article is a preliminary sketch to give a first impression of the problems, quantity and quality of the doctors' emigration. First, there is made a distinction between different groups of emigrants, who emigrated at different times owing to the political changes in Austria (civil war and ?Anschluß”?). Then the emigration prior to the political set-ups during the thirties is discussed. The assertion is made, that the reasons for emigrating during the twenties are very much the same than in later years. Hostility against Jews, socialists, democrats and foreigners made living and working conditions increasingly unbearable. Concerning the influence of emigrated scientists on science and learning in immigration countries some theoretical and clinical sub-specialties of medicine are examined, e.g. social medicine, internal medicine, pharmacology, orthopedic surgery and child psychiatry. Whereas in some cases the influence is minimal, e.g. social medicine, other disciplines have been influenced enormously, e.g. child psychiatry. Finally there follows a short examination of the organisations of Austrian doctors and medical scientists in the United States and Great Britain.