An Encounter between the Qing Dynasty and Khoqand in 1759-1760： Central Asia in the Mid-Eighteenth Century

This paper examines negotiations involving the exchange of envoys between the Qing dynasty and Khoqand in 1759-60. The Qing made contact with Khoqand in order to bring rapid stabilization to the newly acquired western territories. Khoqand, on the other hand, established a relationship with the Qing in order to expand their authority over the Kirghiz, and to advance toward Bukhara. Irdana tried to take advantage of Qing authority for the purpose of expanding his territories, but at the same time, he appealed to the other Central Asian Muslims to engage with him in a ＂holy war＂ against the Qing. It is true that each power in Central Asia shared a sense of crisis in reaction to the Qing＇s sudden expansion to the west. However, we also need to examine the competition for hegemony among the powers under the pretext of opposition to the Qing＇s advance.     

“搁浅”世界屋脊

刚开始读这篇文章时我就跟妻子断言：“我打赌他们肯定不会解释在世界屋脊上,吉尔吉斯人是如何给汽车和手机电池充电的。” 科罗拉多州杰克·波伦     

“搁浅”世界屋脊

阿富汗的吉尔吉斯游牧部落生存在地球上最为偏远、海拔最高、风光最为迷人的地方。这里的生活犹如天国一般,同时也是人间炼狱。     

试读阿文方孔钱

阿文方孔钱的线描图中亚出土的阿拉伯文方孔钱币,由于文字奇特,久受关注,但又因发现较少,研究比较困难。自1972年首见于吉尔吉斯以来,在阿拉木图附近、比什凯克附近、吹(楚)河河谷、怛逻斯河谷等地有数次发现,近年七河地区发现五枚,最新公布的一枚仍出自吉尔吉斯。根据俄罗斯学者V.N.Nastich博士的总结,其文字可作如下转写:穿上为,转写Malik;穿右为,转写Aram;穿下为,转写Yinal;穿左为,或,第二种模写不知所云,第一种可转写为Cig?基于以上成果,V.N.Nastich博士推断此钱与七河地区的突厥统治者有关。德意志考古学院的L.Baratova的提法是:…     

论李杜之交

李白（701—762）,生于中亚细亚碎叶城（今吉尔吉斯北部托克马克城附近）,杜甫（712-770）生于中国河南巩县（今河南省巩义市）。唐玄宗天宝三载（744）秋天,李白与杜甫在唐东都（今洛阳）初次见面。这时李白刚从翰林供奉的高位上离开,东游到此。杜甫则为安葬他的继祖母范阳太君．在此逗留了两年。当时,沧州（今河北省景县）人高适．也刚好在此,三人一见如故．建立了友情。     

柯尔克孜族跨国而居简析

柯尔克孜族是我国西北地区的跨国民族。主要分布在以吉尔吉斯斯坦为中心的周边国家和地区。以17世纪为界,先后经历了两波大规模的西迁,由叶尼塞河上游到达中亚地区;当沙俄扩张的势力进入中亚后,柯尔克孜族被迫跨国而居。