Truncated Decision Making and Deliberative Implementation: A Time-Based Policy Process Model for Transitional China

The time dimension has not attracted enough attention in policy process research in China, yet speed is the most distinctive feature of China’s recent development. This article, based on observations of China’s policy practices, proposes a new research perspective for understanding how the Chinese government has been able to address policy challenges in an era of rapid transition. The approach adopted by the government allows decision makers to respond quickly to serious problems with a truncated decision-making process, and then implement the decisions through a more gradual deliberative process. The article examines China’s coal-mining industry reform as an empirical case to illustrate how this governance approach has been used to achieve major policy reform, namely property rights reform for coal mines, while simultaneously maintaining stability, regulating production safety, and stimulating industrial development. The article concludes with a discussion of the broad implications of this pattern for improving the effectiveness of public policy both in and outside China.     

黄铜器表面着色方法的研究

在总结古代铜器表面处理的文献基础上一通过化学成膜探讨含锌32％－36％的黄铜试样表面着色的方法,通过调整和控制试液的浓度、温度、酸度及浸泡时间的实验,确定黄铜表面栗色膜形成的最佳条件。对表面形成的粟色膜用多种实验手段进行了测定,结果表明栗色股厚度约为8μm主要组成为Cu2O。并对化学过程中形色栗色膜的机理作了初步探体     

An Approach to the Diagnosis of Craniofacial Fibrous Dysplasia from the 2500‐Year‐Old Remains of a Skull from Ancient China

A human skull, buried about 2500 years ago in a Bronze Age cemetery at Jinggouzi, a site of an important ethnic group in ancient China, appeared to have characteristics of fibrous dysplasia. The CT images indicated a reduction in bone density and relatively homogeneous lesions. More features were revealed using CT reconstruction techniques. Lesions seen in low‐magnification images using a 3D deep‐field microscope had an irregular honeycomb‐like structure. At higher magnification, the trabeculae morphology and the gaps between the trabeculae were irregular and varied in size and shape. Paraffin‐embedded specimens stained with HE showed trabeculae with tortuous irregular arrangements varying in shape and width. The irregular trabeculae of woven bone has been described as having fibrous dysplasia. Molecular analysis of the GNAS gene indicated no mutation. This provides a non‐invasive approach for us to make more comprehensive diagnoses and to assist research into ancient human diseases.     

渤海上京城出土金属及冶炼遗物科技分析

通过使用便携式荧光光谱分析仪（p-XRF）、扫描电子显微镜与能谱（SEM-EDS）等对渤海上京城宫城、匠造址、东廊、御花园出土的铁质遗物、有色金属遗物以及冶炼废弃遗物进行了初步研究,并对渤海上京城所进行的金属冶炼工业流程进行推演,同时试图通过遗物本身对渤海国冶金生产技术及商贸流通提供部分佐证。     

秦代地方行政文书运作形态之考察——以里耶秦简为中心

里耶秦简中大部分是秦代地方的行政文书,为我们考察文书的运作形态提供了根据。从已经公布的简牍来看,秦代文书的运作形态十分规范。撰写公文由专门的书佐承担,并且要在背面左下角以"某手"的形式签署,此人即为始发公文的责任者。在中间每一步处理环节书写完毕都要紧接着处理意见签写其责任者的名,同样是以"某手"的形式。公文在抄写副本时也要将这些署名照录。收到文书后由责任者发阅,根据公文内容判断是否需要回复或转发。如果不需要,就直接在原简背面最左边写下收文记录并署名"某手"。如果需要回复或转发,就要另制作一份抄件副本,将来文内容抄于其上,并且将原文件的责任人署名照录于副本的同一位置,然后在背面左起第一行写下记录,这些工作完成之后再把来文的原件交给上级处理。在文书运作中,文书的性质也随着"传""别书"而发生变化。对于"某手"的理解,不能简单地认为是书写者的签名,而应是文书的责任人。     

集安地区高句丽晚期积石墓的探索——以两座积石壁画墓的时代为中心

本文通过对两座积石石室壁画墓时代的探讨,将集安地区高句丽积石墓的下限年代推定为6世纪前叶早段,并认为积石墓外部的基坛形态被高等级封土墓所继承。     

伪色诺芬《雅典政制》史料价值初探

伪色诺芬《雅典政制》作为公元前5世纪后期雅典的历史文献,对于研究雅典政治状况、原提洛同盟"盟邦"与雅典的关系以及探析民主政治的实质具有重要的史料价值。作者主要从平民的权利、海上霸权两个方面论述雅典民主制保持完好的原因,评述"盟邦"主权遭到雅典侵夺的历史事实,从而证明雅典民主制乃是建立在全体雅典人对非雅典人剥削、奴役基础之上的。当政者所采取种种强化民主的措施,其目的都是为了维护雅典人的根本利益。     

Flexural Behavior of Typical Chinese Traditional Timber Stitching Beams

In Chinese traditional timber buildings, stitching is very common. When the bearing capacity or the rigidity is inadequate, a timber beam is often strengthened with another beam using the stitching method. The timber stitching beams are mainly of two types—the small-top/big-bottom type and the big-top/small-bottom type. To study the bending behavior of these two types of timber stitching beams, including the failure mode, the flexural capacity, the strain distribution at mid-span section, and the maximum deflection, bending tests are carried out on 14 timber stitching beams with Chinese traditional conformation for seven pine beams and seven fir beams. The results show that the failure modes of the small-top/big-bottom type of stitching beams all show brittle fractures at the bottoms of the bottom beams. The failure modes of the big-top/small-bottom type of stitching beams all show brittle fractures at the bottoms of the top beams. The distribution of section strain along the height of each part of the beam basically obeys plane hypothesis. Based on the theoretical and experimental analysis, the calculation formulas of flexural capacity and maximum deflection of these two types of timber stitching beams made of pine and fir are presented.     

云间往哲 南京博物院藏徐璋《松江邦彦画像册》特展综述

2014年12月,南京博物院历代绘画陈列馆推出新的专题陈列展览:"云间往哲——南京博物院藏徐璋《松江邦彦画像册》特展"。此展览是继1937年7月于江湾上海市博物馆举办的"上海文献展览会"展览后又一次推出的重要的专题展览,将原藏于上海松江博物馆的徐璋《松江邦彦画像册》一齐集中展示出来,     

卢梭回归自然的美学之境

卢梭的“自然美”思想丰赡深邃,精远宏阔.从美育目标、理念、重点三个层面梳理了卢梭自然主义美育思想的核心内容,将其教育特点归纳为整体性、平民性、情感性和自然性,并着重阐述了这一思想对新时期我国美育工作的四个重要启示:即注重美育工作的辩证性;尊重美育实践的主体性;激励美育过程的情感性;倡导美育内容的生态性.