A Minimax Method for Finding the k Best “Differentiated” Paths

In real-world applications, the k-shortest-paths between a pair of nodes on a network will often be slight variations of one another. This could be a problem for many path-based models, particularly those on capacitated networks where different routing alternatives are needed that are less likely to encounter the same capacity constraints. This paper develops a method to solve for k differentiated paths that are relatively short and yet relatively different from one another, but not necessarily disjoint. Our method utilizes the sum of a path's distance plus some fraction of its shared distance with each other path. A minimax algorithm is used to select the path whose largest sum of length, plus shared length vis-à-vis each previously selected path, is as small as possible. We present computational results for the Chinese railway system, comparing the paths generated by a standard k-shortest-path algorithm with those from our new model.     

Investigating Human Migration and Horse‐Trading in Yelang (夜郎) Through Strontium Isotope Analysis of Skeletons from Zhougshui Sites,South‐West China (1300 bc – ad 25)

Yelang (夜郎), a mysterious state located in the south‐western area of early China and dating from the Bronze Age to the Early Iron Age (1300 bc – ad 25), is a cultural interactive junction between the Yunnan–Guizhou Plateau and the Yangtze River Basin. The Zhongshui Basin in Weining County, Guizhou Province, was one of the important distribution areas of the Yelang civilization. This area, which includes sites at Jigongshan (鸡公山; 1300 – 800 bc ), Hongyingpan (红营盘; 700 – 400 bc ) and Yinzitan (银子坛; 400 bc – ad 25), has provided a very integrated chronology, spanning from the Bronze Age to the Early Iron Age in the eastern Yunnan – western Guizhou area. To investigate human migration and horse‐trading at these Yelang sites, we conducted a strontium isotopic analysis on the teeth enamel of humans and horses unearthed from these three sites. The results indicated the following: (1) people at the earlier sites (Jigongshan and Hongyingpan) were all indigenous, whereas in the Yinzitan cemetery, there was a more immigrant population, and all the people who were buried in an upper limb flexed supine position were non‐local; and (2) most of the horses found at the Jigongshan and Yinzitan sites show different provenances, probably related to the famous Dian (滇) and Zuo (筰) horses recorded in historical documents, providing more clues for further study on horse‐trading in South‐West China during the Bronze Age and the Early Iron Age.     

博物馆女性题材展览的类型与意义

女性题材的展览主要分为女性博物馆的基本陈列和专题展览、综合类博物馆的常设展览和临时展览,旨在以"物"为媒介来展示女性的生存状态和精神追求,与公众一起讨论有关女性的话题,甚至包括一些敏感的、有争议的现象或问题。博物馆以女性为题材,组织展览和教育活动,关注、探讨并传播女性文化,一方面反映出博物馆关注并回应女性广泛参与社会生活并贡献于社会变革与发展的现实,发挥博物馆作为时代潮流倡导者和引领者的作用;另一方面,女性观众数量增多,参观需求多元化且女性广泛参与博物馆事务,对博物馆展览理念也产生一定的影响。然而,博物馆的女性主题展览也存在数量少、展览和诠释活动中对女性价值和意义挖掘不够等问题,需要在理念和实践上进一步改变。     

Tracing the origin of Chinese early white porcelain in the late sixth century—evidence from Xing kiln

As the criterion used by archaeologists for determining early white porcelain is quite ambiguous, the origin of Chinese white porcelain remains a point of disagreement. In this study, we systematically investigate 61 typical Xing porcelains of the late Northern dynasties to the early Sui dynasty (550–600 CE) using spectrophotometer, X-ray fluorescence (XRF), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), and analyze the differences between early white porcelain and celadon of Xing kiln in terms of their whiteness and raw materials characteristic. The results show that early white porcelain is a new type of ware that differs from celadon, which can be distinguished by whiteness, with a whiteness greater than 8% being early white porcelain and a whiteness less than 8% being celadon. It is assumed that the ancient potters created the whiter wares based on celadon by improving the glaze and selecting new raw materials for the body, but the production of this type of ware was short lived and subsequently refined in the Sui dynasty (581–618 CE) owing to the limited improvement in whiteness.     

韩国迁都宜阳、阳翟考辨

从战国初年的历史形势和韩国的发展战略出发,考虑韩国灭郑的军事策略,结合考古材料,韩国迁都宜阳、阳翟的记载应是可信的。对文献记载的混乱现象应予以全新解读:韩国迁都宜阳、阳翟的时候,平阳作为政治中心在继续使用。换言之,韩国在保持平阳都城地位的同时,迁都宜阳、阳翟,以此来服务灭郑的军事战争。宜阳和阳翟是具有浓厚军事色彩的临时性都城,带有战时陪都的性质。     

伪色诺芬《雅典政制》史料价值初探

伪色诺芬《雅典政制》作为公元前5世纪后期雅典的历史文献,对于研究雅典政治状况、原提洛同盟"盟邦"与雅典的关系以及探析民主政治的实质具有重要的史料价值。作者主要从平民的权利、海上霸权两个方面论述雅典民主制保持完好的原因,评述"盟邦"主权遭到雅典侵夺的历史事实,从而证明雅典民主制乃是建立在全体雅典人对非雅典人剥削、奴役基础之上的。当政者所采取种种强化民主的措施,其目的都是为了维护雅典人的根本利益。     

关于中小型汉墓研究的思考

随着中小型汉墓资料的日益丰富,其研究思路和体系需要拓展和创新。研究广度方面,汉墓的分区研究需要完善,要用更广阔的视野进行对比研究;研究高度方面,需要对中小型汉墓进一步解读,上升至对社会制度和历史发展规律的探讨;研究深度方面,对中小型汉墓的研究需更加细致化,科技分析方法要更多地应用其中。     

试论《武王践祚》的文本流变

《上海博物馆藏战国楚竹书》(七)所收《武王践祚》,实为两种战国"简本"(甲本和乙本)的合抄。传世本则是参考了这两种简本,合编整理而成。与甲本相比,乙本在叙事及文字上更接近于原始的记录,成文应早于甲本。但甲本与乙本之间并没有直接的文本传承关系,应是两系文本发展的不同形态。参照乙本,可以推测《武王践祚》的原初结构,并不包括武王勒铭段。从文献体裁及文章内容看,甲本及传世本的这一段文字,应是合编自其他文献。《武王践祚》三个本子的比较研究显示,早期文献在流传过程中,不仅存在着文字的增饰、丢失与改动等现象,同时还存在着同种文献不同形态的合编整理甚至是不同文献的合并现象。这对我们认识早期文献形成及流传的特殊性,并进而讨论早期文献的史料价值,无疑具有重要的参考意义。     

AN ECOLOGICAL SAFETY SHELTER ESTABLISHED ON THE SNOWY HIGHLAND

<正>On the snowy highland,the splendid view of mountains and waters vie with each other;the birds and beasts stroll idly as in a courtyard,and the flourishing woods and grasses stretch as far as the eyes can see.Is"Shambhala"a fairyland?Over the years,the central government and Tibet have focused on protecting the highland ecology and have attained impressive achievements.Under the blue sky