Potential Use of Foamed Mortar (FM) for Thermal Upgrading of Chinese Traditional Hui-Style Residences

The Hui-style residence is an important architectural heritage of China. The hollow wall structures are widely used to build its exterior wall system. However, the thermal performance of the hollow wall is no longer able to meet the new energy-saving and environmental requirement. This article describes a laboratory study of the development of foamed mortar (FM), with the potential for use in thermal upgrading of the Hui-style hollow wall system without dramatically changing its traditional structure. The key early age, physical, mechanical and thermal properties were systematically measured. Two extended models were respectively developed to calculate compressive strength and thermal conductivity, as a function of porosity. Environment chamber test was also employed to investigate the effectiveness of this novel thermal upgrading approach and the results show that filling the voids with FM can effectively improve the overall thermal resistance of the hollow wall system by 44%, which is almost equal to the overall thermal resistance when using the more expensive commercial inorganic stucco system. In addition, the combination of these two methods yielded an overall thermal resistance of 0.701 m²·K/W, which is even higher than 0.67 m²·K/W for the code required in the hot summer/cold winter climate zone.     

AN ECOLOGICAL SAFETY SHELTER ESTABLISHED ON THE SNOWY HIGHLAND

<正>On the snowy highland,the splendid view of mountains and waters vie with each other;the birds and beasts stroll idly as in a courtyard,and the flourishing woods and grasses stretch as far as the eyes can see.Is"Shambhala"a fairyland?Over the years,the central government and Tibet have focused on protecting the highland ecology and have attained impressive achievements.Under the blue sky     

Epipaleolithic/early Neolithic settlements at Qinghai Lake,western China

Transitions from terminal Pleistocene Upper Paleolithic foraging to Holocene Neolithic farming and pastoralist economic orientations in the northern Tibetan Plateau are examined from the perspective of Epipaleolithic sites located near Qinghai Lake, Qinghai Province, western China. Jiangxigou 2 is an artifact-rich, multicomponent midden site with the main period of occupation dating ca. 9000–5000 cal yr BP, containing abundant flaked stone artifacts including a substantial proportion of microlithic tools, abundant faunal remains including gazelle, deer, and sheep, and a small number of ceramics, including the oldest known on the Tibetan Plateau. Heimahe 3, on the other hand, is a brief hunter's camp dating ca. 8450 cal yr BP, with evident affinities to late Upper Paleolithic camps in the same region that date several thousand years older. The two distinctively different sites are probably nodes within a single Epipaleolithic foraging system that developed on the margins of the high Tibetan Plateau during the early Holocene, and that served as a basis for colonization of the high-altitude Plateau at that time. Jiangxigou 2 appears to be connected to early Neolithic agricultural settlements along the upper Yellow River (Huang He) drainage during the middle Holocene, and may provide insights into forager–agriculturalist interactions that lead to the development of pastoralist systems in the region.     

THE METOK ROAD OPEN TO TRAFFIC

Metok in Nyingchi Prefecture was the only county that did not have a road in the past. On October 31st, 2013, the Road to Metok was officially opened to the public. The opening of this road signified that now all counties in China can be accessed by road.     

二十年中国近代社会史研究之反思

与中国社会史研究齐步前进,中国近代社会史研究也走过了20年的历程。应该说,从社会史发轫之初,对于社会史理论的探索和讨论就没有停止过。同样,对不同时期社会史自身学术史进行回顾与总结的成果也是接连不断,这种状况反映了社会史学界总结与反思的自觉性①,同时推动了社会史研究的纵深发展。愚自1982年师从乔志强先生学习中国近代社会史,1985年硕士毕业后成为专业的史学工作者,算来也有20年的时光。从学生到“先生”,并不仅仅是一个角色的转换,更是一种责任的承接。借中国社会科学院近代史研究所发起“首届中国近代社会史国际学术研讨会”之…     

旅游目的地形象认知过程中的"先入为主"与"既成事实"效应研究--以银川沙湖与榆林红碱淖为例

旅游者对旅游目的地的形象认知是影响旅游活动的重要因素,对旅游目的地形象定位和市场营销策略的选择都具有重要的参考价值,逐渐成为旅游研究的新热点。本文选取了我国几个代表性的案例,逐步展开分析,提出若干个相应的假设,据此设计了调查问卷,在兰州、西安两地开展了抽样调查。本文应用国际通用的科学方法和规范模式对抽样调查结果进行分析,根据分析结果对旅游者对旅游目的地形象认知中的“先入为主”与“既成事实”效应进行了探讨,强调了旅游形象定位与市场营销中的先发优势。     

文化认同的传承与创新：印度加尔各答华人的多元化宗教信仰研究

作为对印度加尔各答华人研究的一部分,本文基于田野调查获得的资料,从文化认同的理论视角,探讨了在南亚唯一唐人街及华人社区生活的加尔各答华人多元化宗教信仰。通过对其宗教信仰中“中国传承”和“住地创新”两方面内容的归纳分析,揭示出在印度加尔各答华人社区内,独特的中国及印度元素兼备的华人多元化身份特征及文化认同。     

玉与奥运：北京奥运会用玉考论

2001年,奥林匹克运动选择了中国,世界为之瞩目。历尽艰辛申奥成功的背后,凸现的是中国综合国力的不断提升和中华民族的再一次崛起。高兴之余,国人不仅要问,我们应该以什么样的理念来举办这场盛会？怎样通过这个平台来展示我们五千年的民族文明,让世界进一步了解中国？     

中国共产党民族理论发展研究的鼎力之作--评《中国共产党三代领导集体的民族理论与实践》

中国是一个统一的多民族国家,中国共产党自创立之日起,就非常重视民族问题,并把如何正确处理民族问题作为中国革命和建设事业中不可分割的重要组成部分,以至于在各个历史时期都自觉地把马克思主义普遍原理同中国革命实践相结合,从而运用马克思主义民族理论阐释和解决中国的民族问题,逐步形成了全面、系统、科学的具有中国特色的丰富的、宝贵的经验。学习并研究这些理论成果,分析并把握其相关的实践史实,无疑对中国乃至世界各国各族人民解决民族问题及和平与发展的良好愿望都具有深远的历史意义和积极的现实意义。     

瑞宝阁藏金铜佛像研究 (四)尼泊尔风格造像(9-18世纪)

尼泊尔位于喜马拉雅山中段南麓,国土面积不大,多为山地。北与我国西藏接壤,西南连接印度。公元前6世纪,佛教创始人释迦牟尼就诞生于尼泊尔西北部迦毗罗卫的蓝毗尼（今尼泊尔南部提罗拉科附近的洛明达）。公元前3世纪,在印度孔雀王朝（约前321-前187年）第三世阿育王的推广下,佛教在尼泊尔正式传播。