山西原平北贾铺东汉墓葬所见的北方草原文化因素——附汉鲜卑遗存的发现与辨识

2005年山西省考古研究所在原平市北贾铺村清理了东汉中晚期的7座墓葬。通过随葬陶器以及棺内铺垫石灰,死者头枕灰泥枕等埋葬习俗等因素的对比分析,发现这批墓葬的主人与当时活跃在北方草原的鲜卑集团关系密切。原平地处汉魏时期的雁门郡,是当时北方游牧集团南下侵扰比较频繁的地区,也是中原王朝安置归附的北方游牧集团部众的区域之一。结合文献记载,北贾铺东汉晚期墓葬的人群很可能属于当时归附于中原王朝的鲜卑部众,而这些率先接受了汉文化影响的鲜卑集团有可能在埋葬习俗等方面对建立北魏的拓跋鲜卑产生过一定的影响。     

陕西子洲出土商代青铜容器铸造工艺观察分析

2010年11月,陕西省子洲县裴家湾镇关王岔村出土了6件青铜容器,包括尊、瓿、盘、觚、鼎、提梁卣各1件。本文通过对铜器上遗留的工艺痕迹进行肉眼观察,对铜器的铸型设计、芯撑情况、浇注位置等铸造工艺环节以及铸后加工的细节进行了初步的判断和复原,指出该批铜器的铸造工艺与安阳出土的殷墟前期同类器物基本相同,这一结果对认识和揭示这批青铜器的学术价值具有重要的意义。     

Quantifying Animal Trajectories Using Spatial Aggregation and Sequence Analysis: A Case Study of Differentiating Trajectories of Multiple Species

The increasing availability of telemetry data with high spatial and temporal resolution promises to greatly advance scientific understandings of the movement patterns of individual organisms across space and time. The amount of data provided by such methods, however, can be challenging to analyze and interpret. In this study, we present a new approach for analyzing animal movements that aggregates telemetry locations into spatial clusters and extracts the information from sequences formed by individuals passing through these spatial clusters. We applied this integrated approach of spatial aggregation and sequence analysis to quantify and compare trajectories of cattle (Bos taurus), mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus), and elk (Cervus elaphus) tracked by automated telemetry at the Starkey Experimental Forest and Range in northeastern Oregon, USA. Our approach effectively differentiated movement patterns of the three species. It provides a useful mean of quantifying movement patterns of species in a landscape.     

Study on the lithology of stone chimes (stone musical instruments in ancient China) and Lingbi stone

The oldest extant musical instruments in the world are stone chimes. This music was created by the ‘eight tones’ that could be produced by these ‘stone’ voices. Although many of these stone chimes have been unearthed from sites predating the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period in China, their discussion in archaeological reports is usually not very thorough. In this paper, the ancient and modern samples are analysed from the point of view of lithology. The aim is to explore how the ancients chose to make these stones, and to check that the type of stone from which these ancient Chinese stone chimes are made is actually those recorded in previous studies. The results show that most of the ancient stone chimes in China are made of limestone. These chimes required a material with a single, homogeneous and compact mineral composition. Lingbi chimes (a kind of ‘lithophone’ produced in Lingbi county, China, are pure in composition and have a fine microcrystalline structure, which is the best choice for making stone chimes. This paper makes a systematic study of the lithology of Chinese stone chimes. The results supplement a significant lacuna in the study of ‘lithophone’ and ancient stone instruments both in China and on a more global scale.     

契丹陶器的编年

辽代瓷器的研究已取得丰硕的成果,但对于契丹传统陶器的研究却没有得到应有的重视.通过对契丹最具特色的传统陶器的排序与编年的研究,不仅了解了契丹陶器发展演变的脉络,同时辨识出远在建立辽王朝之前的契丹遗存,并确认了其同鲜卑遗存的一定联系.契丹陶器的演化表明在建立辽代发展的过程中,随着经济实力的增强和技术工艺的发展,传统陶器逐渐被釉陶或瓷器所替代,走向了衰落.     

贵在总结经验不宜急于更名——读《略论我国社会主义时期第一轮修志的时间》有感

20世纪五六十年代的新方志编纂应认真总结经验、教训.就当时修志的背景、规模、进程,尤其是从成书的数量和质量看,不宜称为"第一轮修志",可以称之为一个序幕或者一次兴起.     

全球城市史视域中的中国城市史研究—-读乔尔·科特金《全球城市史》引发的思考

乔尔.科特金的《全球城市史》是一部通史性质的世界城市史著作,该书具有显著的理论色彩,对于城市的本质要素、城市发展的阶段与规律等问题提出明确认识,其特点还集中体现在对于世界城市史研究所持有的全球史视角。该书对于宏观研究与理论研究的重视,值得在中国城市史研究中加以倡导。中国城市史研究应具有全球视野,应积极拓宽和深化中国城市史研究的学术领域,积极开展跨国家或地区的宏观比较研究。     

显色液组成对二氧化氮检测结果的比较分析

用吸收采样法分析检测空气中二氧化氮时,亚硝酸根离子的显色反应直接关系到检测结果的灵敏度和检测下限。显色液的主要成分为重氮化试剂和偶合试剂。为了提高检测灵敏度和寻找优化的显色体系,本工作比较了对氨基苯磺酰胺和N-1-萘乙二胺盐酸盐组成的显色液在不同浓度比和不同酸性介质中(磷酸pH=1.5和1:1盐酸pH<0.5)对NO_2~-的显色情况。实验结果表明,当显色剂浓度适量,用磷酸为酸性介质(pH=1.5)时,短时间显色更快速灵敏。合适的显色液组成为:对氨基苯磺酰胺4g/L,N-1-萘乙二胺盐酸盐0.06g/L,磷酸28ml/L。本工作还比较了Salzman显色剂对同一标准系列亚硝酸根的测定结果,经线性回归分析得出:Salzman显色剂具有显色稳定等优点,但用于二氧化氮固体吸收剂的分析时,显色灵敏度偏低。     

Measuring Spatial Autocorrelation of Vectors

This article introduces measures to quantify spatial autocorrelation for vectors. In contrast to scalar variables, spatial autocorrelation for vectors involves an assessment of both direction and magnitude in space. Extending conventional approaches, measures of global and local spatial associations for vectors are proposed, and the associated statistical properties and significance testing are discussed. The new measures are applied to study the spatial association of taxi movements in the city of Shanghai. Complications due to the edge effect are also examined.     

四种鲜为人知的专志与明清以来的洪洞问题研究

山西洪洞大槐树是无数人心目中故乡的象征,相关研究成果层出不穷。在传统的研究思路下,洪洞大槐树移民作为明初历史上的大事件确立了在中国移民史上的重要地位。作者利用志书等文献史料对传统研究思路提出疑问,从洪洞内部探讨其成为故乡象征的深层内涵,认为大槐树移民传说是晚清到民国一个重塑汉族正统性的民间做法,是士绅阶层彰显洪洞历史的一次成功实践。本文在社会史研究的视角下,对洪洞问题给予一个全新的解读。