《玉壶野史》“生旦杂处”考辨

北宋文莹《玉壶野史》载南唐韩熙载事,有"生旦杂处"一语,学者或据此而论定其时已有"生""旦"脚色。今梳理该书历代版本流变,知是书在明初后五卷阙佚,嘉靖年间抄补时已有阙文,作"生杂处",鲍廷博校刊本则去此空格,作"生杂处"。另有清抄本作"生冝杂处",乃抄录之误,周星诒、陆心源等人校订时皆删去。作"生旦杂处"者后出,最早见《四库全书》本,乃将"冝"误作"旦"。参酌《南唐书》《宋史》《续通志》的相关记载,"生"之本意当为"生徒""门生",故此语不可作为南唐时已有生旦脚色之依据。     

政策转变还是策略调整?——艾森豪威尔政府"解除台湾中立化"论析

1953年2月,艾森豪威尔对国会关于国情咨文的年度致辞中提出第七舰队要改变在台湾海峡的任务,从阻止海峡两岸的军事行动变为不再"遮掩"中国大陆.此语被视为"解除台湾中立化"的开始.不少研究据此认为新上台的共和党政府改变了对台政策,"放蒋出笼",台美关系由此进入"蜜月期".实际上,这一声明是形势发展的必然结果,是美国企图震慑、牵制中共之举,面上有"放蒋出笼"之势,内里却无"放蒋出笼"之实.在美国是否准备掩护台湾军队反攻大陆、是否封锁中国大陆全部海岸、是否对台扩大美援范围和种类等问题上,台美间无法形成共识.美政府以战斗机的交付为筹码,压迫台湾当局正式承诺不改变对大陆军事活动的"模式和节奏",重要军事行动前要征询美国.台湾"中立化"解而不除,美国对台湾的缰绳更加收紧,艾森豪威尔政府"解除台湾中立化"并非一次政策转变.     

‘Assisting you to become a local’: NGOs and constructed foreign spouses in Eastern Taiwan

As social and cultural contexts change and globalization spreads, the number of transnational-marriage migrants mainly from Southeast Asia has increased in Taiwan. Using institutional ethnography, this article investigates the roles of local non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and projects aimed at helping foreign spouses to adapt to their new life. I mainly elaborate that NGOs emerge as important actors in assisting and empowering transnational spouses to ‘become locals’. In empowerment projects, foreign spouses are given a voice to elaborate themselves. However, this article elaborates that these projects are a scheme of education to shape each such migrant into a proper ‘Taiwanese wife/mother/daughter-in-law’. Also, these projects particularly promote ‘exoticism’ of migrants and become key sources of how local people understand the images of ‘foreign spouses’. As a result, though NGOs play positive roles in empowering foreign spouses, we need to be aware that NGOs’ efforts may ironically become a mechanism to strengthen transnational spouses’ gender roles and cultural stereotypes.     

山东临沂四面柱体造像碑之考察

2009—2011年,山东博物馆对山东临沂地区佛教造像碑进行了多次调查,与相关金石文献对比,可判断这批佛教造像碑多数为北齐遗物,少数晚至隋代。临沂佛教造像碑具体特点有:碑身柱体,四面等宽或两面略窄,南面为正方位;四面造像,多为两段式,上段雕刻龛像,下段刻铭或留白(也有雕刻龛像的);造像题材中维摩诘图组合别具一格,龙衔莲花图十分流行,龛楣龙与兽面组合图在临沂地区之外十分少见。临沂佛教造像碑形制、造像特征虽源自西部邻省和山东中部地区,但也有自身原创特色,唐代流行的龙虎塔图像当与其龛楣龙与兽面组合图有极深渊源。     

A geometric morphometric relationship predicts stone flake shape and size variability

The archaeological record represents a window onto the complex relationship between stone artefact variance and hominin behaviour. Differences in the shapes and sizes of stone flakes—the most abundant remains of past behaviours for much of human evolutionary history—may be underpinned by variation in a range of different environmental and behavioural factors. Controlled flake production experiments have drawn inferences between flake platform preparation behaviours, which have thus far been approximated by linear measurements, and different aspects of overall stone flake variability (Dibble and Rezek J Archaeol Sci 36:1945–1954, 2009; Lin et al. Am Antiq 724–745, 2013; Magnani et al. J Archaeol Sci 46:37–49, 2014; Rezek et al. J Archaeol Sci 38:1346–1359, 2011). However, when the results are applied to archaeological assemblages, there remains a substantial amount of unexplained variability. It is unclear whether this disparity between explanatory models and archaeological data is a result of measurement error on certain key variables, whether traditional analyses are somehow a general limiting factor, or whether there are additional flake shape and size drivers that remain unaccounted for. To try and circumvent these issues, here, we describe a shape analysis approach to assessing stone flake variability including a newly developed three-dimensional geometric morphometric method (‘3DGM’). We use 3DGM to demonstrate that a relationship between platform and flake body governs flake shape and size variability. Contingently, we show that by using this 3DGM approach, we can use flake platform attributes to both (1) make fairly accurate stone flake size predictions and (2) make relatively detailed predictions of stone flake shape. Whether conscious or instinctive, an understanding of this geometric relationship would have been critical to past knappers effectively controlling the production of desired stone flakes. However, despite being able to holistically and accurately incorporate three-dimensional flake variance into our analyses, the behavioural drivers of this variance remain elusive.     

敦煌遗书近现代鉴藏印章辑述(下)

吴士鉴(1868-1934),近代金石学家、藏书家.字絅斋,号公詧,别署式溪居士.浙江钱塘(今杭州)人.光绪十八年(1892)进士,官翰林院侍读、江西学政、资政院议员、清史馆纂修.     

"时间"概念在佛教大众化歌曲所表现的意义

一、前言 佛教大众化歌曲的运用,主要在于布教、仪式、引领日常行仪的活动,这些活动虽然是佛教展现在大众面前的"表象",却也是作为传播教理,进而深植人心,甚至融入社群生活的重要媒介.而透过佛教歌曲的歌辞内容与实际演唱的声情表现,可顺引行仪进行,引导大众进入宗教感应的氛围,进而得让教理转应于俗情,引导大众反思生活境遇,接纳对应于人生的教理.     

寻访天下第一石书

石刻文字和图像,是古老而独特的一种文化承载和表达方式。这种从远古时期先民们的自然崇拜而衍传下来的岩石文化,至今已数千年,它以特别的永恒性和精神魅力,传达着人类的坚久信仰和对未来美好人生的向往。从岩石崇拜的形式和地域看,青藏高原藏民族的岩石崇拜尤独具特色,譬如藏族人的各种石饰、玛尼堆和石经等等。[第一段]     

解构与重建:历史类博物馆展陈中考古文物信息的跨学科解读

考古文物是我国历史类博物馆的核心展品,在其主要社会职能中扮演了举足轻重的角色.随着考古学阐释理念的不断发展和完善,以物证史法、情境展示法、关联阐释法等已被逐渐应用到博物馆展陈中.但以传统考古学为核心的阐释方法在公众传播过程中仍然存在着单一视角与多元需求的矛盾、学科思维与展陈逻辑的矛盾、学术规范与启发教育的矛盾.对于历史...