美国古代绿松石示踪研究

宝玉石示踪技术是现代玉器考古研究领域的前沿性问题,绿松石作为一种极具文化和历史价值的宝玉石品种受到了全球考古领域的重视,尤其在美国,绿松石示踪研究持续了很长时间。通过研究关于探究绿松石产地的相关文献,总结提出绿松石示踪技术发展可分为3个阶段,分别为以考古证据为基础的推测阶段;以微量元素示踪为代表的化学、光谱分析技术阶段以及以绿松石包含元素同位素示踪为代表的第3阶段。同位素示踪绿松石产源是近几年示踪技术研究领域的热点,研究者已经在铅、锶、氢、氧、铜5个元素同位素方面开展了研究,并获得了一定的成果。绿松石示踪研究呈现技术多元化、综合化的趋势,将3个阶段的技术通盘应用为一大特色。总结美国绿松石示踪技术的发展现状会给我国今后绿松石示踪研究提供借鉴,进而为其他古今宝玉石原料或制品的产地判定带来新的、精准的技术参考。     

历代玉器螭纹之异同

战国时期玉器出现螭纹,经过历代发展演变,玉器螭坟活泼瑰丽、变化多姿、精犷奔放。     

Seismic Performance Assessment of Slender T-Shaped Reinforced Concrete Walls

T-shaped slender reinforced concrete (RC) structural walls are commonly used in medium-rise and high-rise buildings as part of lateral force resisting system. Compared to its popularity, experimental results on seismic performance of these walls are relatively sparse, especially for data regarding these walls in the non-principal bending directions. This article aims at providing additional experimental evidence on seismic performance of T-shaped RC structural walls. Experimental results of six T-shaped RC walls were presented. These walls resemble the structural walls found in existing buildings in Singapore and possess slightly inferior details compared to the requirements of modern design codes. The test variables were the loading direction and the axial load ratio. The experimental results were discussed in terms of the failure mechanisms, cracking patterns, hysteretic responses, curvature distributions, displacement components, and strain profiles. In addition, the experimental results were compared with methods commonly adopted in current design practice including the nonlinear section analyses, shear strength models and effective width of the tension flange. The experimental data illustrate that the shear lag effect not only was not accurately accounted for by the effective width method but also significantly affected the strength and stiffness of the tested specimens.     

营城子汉墓出土玻璃耳珰的化学成分与制作工艺研究

营城子汉墓位于辽宁省大连市甘井子区,是我国东北地区一处重要的大型汉墓群。营城子汉墓出土了一批玻璃耳珰,为探讨其成型工艺及来源,采用超景深显微系统进行了表面形貌观察,初步认为是模铸成型,并经过打磨。采用便携式X射线荧光光谱仪(XRF)进行了化学成分分析,结果显示,它们分属铅钡硅酸盐和钾硅酸盐玻璃系统,一件由Cu²⁺着色,其余主要由Co²⁺着色。其为我国自制,所用钴料来源相同,钴料的锰钴比特征与国产钴土矿的类似。并对营城子汉墓出土玻璃耳珰造型与化学成分体系间的关系进行了分析,对玻璃耳珰制作模式进行了初步探讨,进一步加深了对我国古代玻璃耳珰制作与传播的认识。     

陈云经济思想发展和层次提升问题

陈云经济思想在东北解放区后期、三大改造完成后和新时期三次大的整合中,形成的新中国经济计划化、企业化和管理民主化“三位一体”框架、“三个主体、三个补充”的体系架构和“三个两种”+“四跨”三大模式,既是探索中国经济发展道路和建立社会主义市场经济递进历史的真实记录,又实现了陈云经济思想的层次提升。把握这一特点,有利于全面理解陈云经济思想,廓清中国共产党经济思想史和新中国经济史上的诸多迷雾。     

康有为自编年谱的成书时间及相关问题

关于康有为自编年谱成书的时间,学界通常认为撰写于1899年初,康氏自己还有起稿于乙未（1895年）的说法。通过研究与分析,可以认为,所谓从乙未年开始撰写年谱的说法应不可靠;年谱的主体内容撰写于1899年初,大致无疑问,但需要说明的是,此后康氏对年谱仍有修订和增删,将其视为康逝世前定稿,可能更为合理一些。把年谱看作1927年时康氏内心世界与思想状态的反映,应该是相对准确的。定位于此,更易于把握该年谱的史料价值。     

Effective Stiffness of Non-Rectangular Reinforced Concrete Structural Walls

The effective stiffness of a structural wall is an important property in design, which many design codes estimate by the moment inertia of the wall section with a reduction factor. The reduction factor is typically estimated by empirical equations based on configurations of the wall. The existing methods for the reduction factor were proposed based on investigations on rectangular reinforced concrete (RC) walls. The effective stiffness of non-rectangular RC walls can be more complex than that of rectangular RC walls. As such, more research investigations are required. Based on finite element models, the effective stiffness of U-shaped and T-shaped RC walls was investigated in this paper. The numerical results were further adopted to develop methods for calculating the effective stiffness of non-rectangular wall in different loading directions. The proposed method was afterward compared with the experimental data.     

张荫桓、翁同龢与戊戌年康有为进用之关系

既往研究认为军机大臣翁同龢是联系光绪帝与变法领袖康有为的桥梁,他曾向皇帝举荐过康氏,在戊戌变法中扮演了极为重要的角色。然而,这种说法并无事实依据。真正的荐康者应是户部左侍郎、总理衙门大臣张荫桓。甲午至戊戌时期康有为在京政治活动的“谋主”正是张氏。他不仅全力支持胶州湾事件后康氏的上书活动,并且在召对时推荐康氏的变法书籍,积极推动康氏进用。翁同龢作为知情者,在办理公务的层面,曾给予谨慎的支持,但并未“荐康”。翁、康关系始终比较疏远。翁同龢“荐康”的说法出现于政变后,首倡者为流亡海外的康有为。翁氏“荐康”的官方定论,则是政变后清廷派系斗争的产物。     

明代播州杨氏墓出土冠饰上的蓝宝石矿料来源研究

目前国内出土了大量不同种类的明代彩色宝石文物,但绝大多数彩色宝石并不产自中国。为探讨播州杨氏墓出土的七凤三龙金冠上镶嵌的蓝宝石的矿料来源,本研究采用微量元素与内部包裹体特征相结合的方法对样品进行分析。通过激光剥蚀-电感耦合等离子体质谱法(LA-ICP-MS)分析样品的微量元素特征,发现样品的Fe、Ga含量较低、Mg含量较高以及Ga/Mg比值较低,以此得出样品为变质成因的蓝宝石,排除其产自岩浆成因矿床。观察样品的内部包裹体特征,并与不同变质成因蓝宝石产地样品的内部包裹体特征进行对比分析,得出该样品内部包裹体特征更类似于缅甸、马达加斯加蓝宝石。最后结合不同地区蓝宝石矿床发现、开采历史记载,综合研究分析得出,该件蓝宝石文物的矿料最可能来自于缅甸矿区。此项研究可为探索我国古代以蓝宝石为代表的彩色宝石类文物的产地研究提供一定科学依据。