《玉壶野史》“生旦杂处”考辨

北宋文莹《玉壶野史》载南唐韩熙载事,有"生旦杂处"一语,学者或据此而论定其时已有"生""旦"脚色。今梳理该书历代版本流变,知是书在明初后五卷阙佚,嘉靖年间抄补时已有阙文,作"生杂处",鲍廷博校刊本则去此空格,作"生杂处"。另有清抄本作"生冝杂处",乃抄录之误,周星诒、陆心源等人校订时皆删去。作"生旦杂处"者后出,最早见《四库全书》本,乃将"冝"误作"旦"。参酌《南唐书》《宋史》《续通志》的相关记载,"生"之本意当为"生徒""门生",故此语不可作为南唐时已有生旦脚色之依据。     

政策转变还是策略调整?——艾森豪威尔政府"解除台湾中立化"论析

1953年2月,艾森豪威尔对国会关于国情咨文的年度致辞中提出第七舰队要改变在台湾海峡的任务,从阻止海峡两岸的军事行动变为不再"遮掩"中国大陆.此语被视为"解除台湾中立化"的开始.不少研究据此认为新上台的共和党政府改变了对台政策,"放蒋出笼",台美关系由此进入"蜜月期".实际上,这一声明是形势发展的必然结果,是美国企图震慑、牵制中共之举,面上有"放蒋出笼"之势,内里却无"放蒋出笼"之实.在美国是否准备掩护台湾军队反攻大陆、是否封锁中国大陆全部海岸、是否对台扩大美援范围和种类等问题上,台美间无法形成共识.美政府以战斗机的交付为筹码,压迫台湾当局正式承诺不改变对大陆军事活动的"模式和节奏",重要军事行动前要征询美国.台湾"中立化"解而不除,美国对台湾的缰绳更加收紧,艾森豪威尔政府"解除台湾中立化"并非一次政策转变.     

‘Assisting you to become a local’: NGOs and constructed foreign spouses in Eastern Taiwan

As social and cultural contexts change and globalization spreads, the number of transnational-marriage migrants mainly from Southeast Asia has increased in Taiwan. Using institutional ethnography, this article investigates the roles of local non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and projects aimed at helping foreign spouses to adapt to their new life. I mainly elaborate that NGOs emerge as important actors in assisting and empowering transnational spouses to ‘become locals’. In empowerment projects, foreign spouses are given a voice to elaborate themselves. However, this article elaborates that these projects are a scheme of education to shape each such migrant into a proper ‘Taiwanese wife/mother/daughter-in-law’. Also, these projects particularly promote ‘exoticism’ of migrants and become key sources of how local people understand the images of ‘foreign spouses’. As a result, though NGOs play positive roles in empowering foreign spouses, we need to be aware that NGOs’ efforts may ironically become a mechanism to strengthen transnational spouses’ gender roles and cultural stereotypes.     

A geometric morphometric relationship predicts stone flake shape and size variability

The archaeological record represents a window onto the complex relationship between stone artefact variance and hominin behaviour. Differences in the shapes and sizes of stone flakes—the most abundant remains of past behaviours for much of human evolutionary history—may be underpinned by variation in a range of different environmental and behavioural factors. Controlled flake production experiments have drawn inferences between flake platform preparation behaviours, which have thus far been approximated by linear measurements, and different aspects of overall stone flake variability (Dibble and Rezek J Archaeol Sci 36:1945–1954, 2009; Lin et al. Am Antiq 724–745, 2013; Magnani et al. J Archaeol Sci 46:37–49, 2014; Rezek et al. J Archaeol Sci 38:1346–1359, 2011). However, when the results are applied to archaeological assemblages, there remains a substantial amount of unexplained variability. It is unclear whether this disparity between explanatory models and archaeological data is a result of measurement error on certain key variables, whether traditional analyses are somehow a general limiting factor, or whether there are additional flake shape and size drivers that remain unaccounted for. To try and circumvent these issues, here, we describe a shape analysis approach to assessing stone flake variability including a newly developed three-dimensional geometric morphometric method (‘3DGM’). We use 3DGM to demonstrate that a relationship between platform and flake body governs flake shape and size variability. Contingently, we show that by using this 3DGM approach, we can use flake platform attributes to both (1) make fairly accurate stone flake size predictions and (2) make relatively detailed predictions of stone flake shape. Whether conscious or instinctive, an understanding of this geometric relationship would have been critical to past knappers effectively controlling the production of desired stone flakes. However, despite being able to holistically and accurately incorporate three-dimensional flake variance into our analyses, the behavioural drivers of this variance remain elusive.     

清末激进思潮与资政院速开国会案互动关系研究

清末围绕立宪法、开国会而展开的“预备立宪”,是中国历史上亘古未有的一场从帝制向宪政过渡的社会革命.同所有改革一样,它需要全社会付出时间和努力加以培育,方可使其逐渐臻于完善.但不管是各省的国会请愿运动还是作为预备国会资政院的速开国会议案讨论,都在先进国家成功的示范和本国危亡的压力下获得空前的社会认同,将上自清廷权贵下至各省士民卷入其中,并使带有激进色彩的“速开”论思潮产生广泛社会影响.回顾资政院速开国会案讨论过程乃至整个国会请愿运动,除了让人振奋于中国民众空前的权利诉求之外,也不难发现运动中激进思潮的愈演愈烈,进而表现出人们对国会制度的多重误读,并由此产生诸多负面的效果.     

敦煌遗书近现代鉴藏印章辑述(下)

吴士鉴(1868-1934),近代金石学家、藏书家.字絅斋,号公詧,别署式溪居士.浙江钱塘(今杭州)人.光绪十八年(1892)进士,官翰林院侍读、江西学政、资政院议员、清史馆纂修.     

"时间"概念在佛教大众化歌曲所表现的意义

一、前言 佛教大众化歌曲的运用,主要在于布教、仪式、引领日常行仪的活动,这些活动虽然是佛教展现在大众面前的"表象",却也是作为传播教理,进而深植人心,甚至融入社群生活的重要媒介.而透过佛教歌曲的歌辞内容与实际演唱的声情表现,可顺引行仪进行,引导大众进入宗教感应的氛围,进而得让教理转应于俗情,引导大众反思生活境遇,接纳对应于人生的教理.     

改革开放以来我国人文地理学译看出版的特征、问题与建议

国外人文地理学著作和教材在我国的翻译出版主要是1990年代以来的事,商务印书馆作为出版大户在改革开放之初就出版了大规模的世界区域地理译著,其后所译著作多为受到好评的欧美论著或教材,但与原版书出版的时滞较长。相关译作缺乏规划、质量参差不齐、对教科书重视不够、学科分布不均衡等成为主要问题。加强有关译作的规划、提升翻译作品在学术评价中的地位、加强翻译队伍建设、重视教材的翻译和引进、加强薄弱学科著作和教材的引进和翻译等是今后发展的主要建议。     

定州汉墓竹简《论语》研究概述

1973年,考古工作者在河北定州八角廊村40号汉墓之中发现了大量竹简,其中包括许多《论语》残简。这是我们目前所能看到的最早的《论语》白文版本,也是目前唯一能够见到的《论语》的西汉抄本原件,是《论语》出土文献的代表。学者们通过对此简本深入细致的研究,得出了许多新见解。     

寻访天下第一石书

石刻文字和图像,是古老而独特的一种文化承载和表达方式。这种从远古时期先民们的自然崇拜而衍传下来的岩石文化,至今已数千年,它以特别的永恒性和精神魅力,传达着人类的坚久信仰和对未来美好人生的向往。从岩石崇拜的形式和地域看,青藏高原藏民族的岩石崇拜尤独具特色,譬如藏族人的各种石饰、玛尼堆和石经等等。[第一段]