一种油画颜料层裂纹的修复技术分析

油画颜料层裂纹是一种常见的病害类型,严重的裂纹会影响作品的视觉效果。裂纹修复所采取的措施应以缓解病害,延续寿命为目标,避免不当修复对其文物价值的改变。本研究通过红外光谱和便携式X荧光能谱分析,初步确定了裂纹产生的原因与材料技法和机械作用力有关,长期的温湿度波动则是最终形成老化裂纹的重要因素。对两类常见的裂纹加固方法比较后得出结论,色蜡改变了原画的光泽度和肌理层,动物胶调碳酸钙更适宜作为裂纹的填补材料。观察修复后的油画保存状况,发现经过修复的颜料层仍存在继续劣化的风险,必须维持保存环境的相对稳定,方可延长修复周期。     

THE WELFARE ASPECTS OF SPATIAL PRICING POLICIES RECONSIDERED FOR A MONOPOLY CASE*

ABSTRACT. We reexamine the price structures and their welfare implications in three pricing regimes (mill, uniform and discriminatory) for a monopoly. We show that spatial price discrimination could provide the highest social welfare and, when consumers tastes are heterogeneous enough, also the highest consumer surplus. The superiority of spatial price discrimination is partially due to the larger output produced and partially due to differential treatment for consumers with heterogeneous tastes.     

The impacts of parental migration on children’s subjective well-being in rural china: a double-edged sword

ABSTRACT

The emerging problem of left-behind children has attracted mounting academic and policy attention. Prior studies primarily cast light on left-behind children’s education, health, and behavior, while their subjective well-being is much less understood yet. Based on a nationally representative sample of rural children aged 10–15 in 2014, we examine the impacts of different types of parental migration on children’s subjective well-being and how these affects vary between boys and girls. The results show that parental migration is a double-edged sword: children from both-parent migrant families report compromised life satisfaction and relationship quality compared with those in integral families, and mother-only migration significantly lowers children’s subjective health. On the flip side, father-only migration enhances children’s aspiration for attaining college, an encouraging effect that is even stronger than that of parental education and family income. These effects are heterogeneous by children’s gender: boys seem to be more susceptible to the disruptive effects of both-parent migration; mother-only migration effectively promotes girls’ educational aspiration while father-only migration promotes boys’. This study portrays a comprehensive image of left-behind children. Relaxation of hukou restriction, equal access to education, and revitalization of rural economies are imperative to improve the well-being of left-behind children.

Abbreviations: LBC: Left-behing children; SWB: subjective well-being     

《里耶秦简》(壹)所见作徒管理问题探讨

秦代编制作徒簿的机构有授予方的司空和仓,但二者分工不同;接收方包括库、田官、畜官、少内、属乡等。作徒簿分为临时付受与月度统计两种。秦代各级地方机构对刑徒管理的分工为:郡提出指导原则,县掌握本县刑徒的数据,县属机构负责具体管理。在当时人的观念中,徒隶是一个阶层的泛称,但在司法行政文书中则有特定的内涵,司寇不包括在内。     

从地方志的考察中看明清人的奢靡观

本文以地方志为基本资料进行考察,认为传统意义上广义的奢靡观念可以从以下几个方面界定:1.某事项的花费超过该事项的基本需要;2.某些不正当不应有的消费项目与活动;3.某消费与个人(或部分人)的收入不相称;4.消费者攀比浮夸。奢靡观念的新旧激荡反映出明清社会的变迁及其局限性。     

大禹在积石峡治水的传说

据《尚书·禹贡》载,大禹治水“浮于积石,至于龙门”,清梁份《秦边纪略》云:“盖黄河入中国,始于河州,禹之导河积石是也。”积石山,指小积石山,系祁连山延伸部分,是循化撒拉族自治县的主要山脉。小积石山北端被黄河拦腰切断,形成一条长约25公里的峡谷,这条峡谷就叫积石峡,是黄河上游著名的峡谷。积石峡里,黄河汹涌澎湃,横冲直撞,咆哮着向东奔出峡谷。     

新冠疫情下的博物馆:困境与对策

目前依然在全球肆虐的新冠疫情深刻影响着博物馆的当下与未来.纵观欧美各大博物馆,短期来看,疫情导致的闭馆直接引发了系列财务、减员等问题,而包括系统性歧视的平权运动在内的各类全新的社会议题同样亟待博物馆关注;长期来看,在疫情这场"持久战"面前,博物馆面临着应急、恢复、提升等三方面困境,以及将困境转变为机遇的挑战.为此,加拿...     

高光谱成像技术在中国古代书画分析中的应用研究综述

中国古代书画，因其年代久远，递藏情况复杂，多数屡经裁切割补、修复重装，故而有很多历史信息或被叠摞或被遮蔽，导致今人不能以肉眼直接观察而获得，而纸绢接补，墨迹、颜料、印鉴的残损也为书画研究者带来诸多悬而未决的问题。近年来，高光谱技术作为一种非侵入式的光谱成像技术，已逐步应用于各类彩绘文物中，该技术可为中国古代书画研究和保护提供更丰富的信息。本工作以文献调研为基础，简要介绍了高光谱成像的原理及技术特点，对高光谱技术在中国古代书画研究的实践进行总结，梳理了国内外研究者利用高光谱技术在书画、档案及相关彩绘文物的增强显示、物质识别、虚拟修复方面的应用案例，以期为相关研究者提供参考借鉴。     

浙江乡镇村志编修的历程、特点与价值述论(1949-2018)

浙江乡镇村志的编修历史悠久、数量众多、延续性强,而且质量上乘、价值可观,历来居于全国前列。中华人民共和国成立后,在党委、政府、方志部门、学者及乡民等各方面的共同努力下,浙江乡镇村志书的编修得到进一步发展,数量与体量蔚为大观,总体质量颇佳,在编修出版、体例内容等方面呈现出鲜明的特点,并展现出丰富的文献价值、社会价值和文本价值。     

Mississippian monumentality in the Yazoo Basin: recent investigations at the Carson site (22CO505), northwestern Mississippi

Investigations at the Carson site (22CO505), located in Coahoma County, Mississippi, have uncovered data on the development of a large Mississippian mound center dating to the period from A.D. 1200 through European contact. Recent sediment coring, excavation, artifact analyses, and radiocarbon and optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating shed light on earthworks and household structures at Carson, and on Mississippian culture in the Yazoo Basin more generally. Sediment coring demonstrates a laterally transgressing Mississippi River system deposited coarse sandy ridges and clay-filled swales underneath a surface horizon comprised of variously coarse to medium-fine sediment originating from generalized overbank flooding. In some instances, flood-borne sediments were found on mound flanks, indicating that at times river-based flooding may have interrupted mound construction. Sediment coring and trench excavation also demonstrate that Carson’s Mound D was built in four stages, with Stages II and III comprising the major stages of earth moving. Excavations on the mound summit reveal evidence of several superimposed structures that were burned in place and likely used for the production of stone, shell, and wooden craft items, perhaps related to Mississippi Ideational Interaction Sphere (MIIS) paraphernalia. Here we describe recent investigations at Carson and present preliminary findings; forthcoming publications will emphasize strategies of power, monumentality, craft production, and Mississippian exchange systems.