明清贵州贡院的使用与维修

贵州贡院建于明嘉靖十六年首开乡闱时,其发展历程正是贵州科举史的缩影。其结构及功能与他省贡院相似,规模居于全国中下等,号舍最少时不足千间,最多时超过四千间。其明末毁于战火,清代重建后亦频繁维修,经费则以公款为主,辅以民间捐助。     

THE PROVENANCE OF DONKEY MILLS FROM ROMAN BRITAIN

Pompeiian-style (hourglass) grain mills are common at many Roman sites within the circum-Mediterranean countries. Three examples are known from Corfe Mullen, London and Hamworthy in southern Britain. Petrographic examination, chemical and microprobe analyses indicate that the Corfe Mullen millstone and the London donkey mill were imported from central France into southern Britain. The Hamworthy mill should be designated a ‘flat donkey mill’, and represents a recent (post-Roman) import from a volcanic source in Sardinia. There is no evidence of importation of Roman donkey mills from Germany or for transportation of such mills (or stylistic derivatives) north of London.