Dyes from the Tumilaca and Chiribaya Cultures, South Coast of Peru

During the terminal stages of the Tiwanaku state at the end of Middle Horizon, at least two new cultural groups appeared in the archaeological record of the coastal Osmore valley in southern Peru. The cultures are now known as Tumilaca and Chiribaya. Radiocarbon dating, as well as stylistic and technological comparison of textile remains, established the coexistence and close relationship between both cultures. Chemical and physical examination of textiles from both cultures was undertaken to gain a better understanding of the dyestuffs and techniques used. Attempts were made to identify dyestuff mordants by energy dispersive analysis of X-rays (EDXRF). Dyestuffs were analysed by the complementary use of UV-vis absorption spectrophotometry (UVAS), thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and a number of microchemical tests.Distinct differences were found in the dyestuffs and textile techniques used in both cultures.     

A MOUNTAIN WEASEL SPOTTED IN LHASA

<正>Four of us went to a suburb in Lhasa for an autumn outing one day in the middle of October.We drove out of the downtown area heading east and reached our destination,Caigongtang Temple.Interestingly enough,it was a result of random selection based on Google maps that led us here since we neither knew     

Human adaptation and socioeonomic change in northeast China: Results of the Fuxin Regional Survey

Northeastern China is one of the centers of early development of agriculture and sedentary life, as well as of the subsequent development of social complexity and distinct cultural attributes. While the outlines of this trajectory are clear, its important details are still elusive. Like all other regions of northern China, there is little data on the all-important transition from nomad hunter-gatherers to sedentary agriculturalists. The Fuxin Regional Survey was designed as the first step in accumulating new data and addressing the geographic and ecological contexts of these socioeconomic processes. Among the most remarkable results of this survey is the identification of early ceramics, which possibly predate the transition to agriculture. The systematic collection and analysis of stone tools was done in a way never before done in this region. Analysis of our findings, using GIS and other methods, sheds new light on the local trajectory of human adaptation in this area.     

Biomechanics of coaching maximal instep soccer kick for practitioners

Kicking in soccer has been the subject of scientific research for more than 40 years yet review articles summarizing the biomechanical fundamentals of kick optimization as a guide to coaching are scarcely to be found. The current review article aims to bridge the gap between scientific research into the maximal instep kick (including studies employing 3D motion capture and full-body biomechanical modelling) and the application of such research in coaching. It does so by supplying a scientifically founded, coaching-friendly article explaining identifiable characteristics and motor control sequencing that define this skill. Relevant biomechanical factors are identified in a way that should help coaches better develop training programmes and, at the same time, foster better understanding of the skill among athletes. Such information will contribute to both accelerated skill acquisition and, by concomitant gains in skill efficiency, the development of programmes that minimize risk of injury to athletes during training.     

宛西自治:一场夭折的区域现代化实验

20世纪30—40年代,宛西地区发生了一场在“三自主义”指导下的区域性现代化实验。这场以追求“丰衣足食、安居乐业”为目标的实验．植根于本土化的基础之上,由于地理环境的独特和地方精英的努力而取得了一定的成绩;由于理论的局限和对封建土地制度的容忍,得不到广大贫苦群众的拥护而中途夭折。     

论"五四"时期儒家道统之接续

接续是指对儒家道统在承继基础上予以新时期之创发,是接与续的统一.在承继先秦儒家道统论、宋明儒家道统论基础上,现代新儒家吸纳新鲜元素而充实之,以重构现代儒家道统论.异构是接续传统儒家道统,构建现代道统的一种方式.通过对佛学、西学的批判、比较,以求其异,以此来彰显和重构儒家道统."五四"时期,在国内思想界人文主义回归的背景下,熊十力、梁漱溟、张君劢、冯友兰通过反省传统儒学,以宋明儒家道统论为其理论渊源,通过中、印、西之比较而进行批判,分明壁垒,吸纳佛学的思辨体系或西学某些概念,以中西比较的方式凸显儒学特质之优长及其现代价值,现代新儒家试图以异构来接续儒家道统,复古有余而创发不足.     

耿直人格下的情绪和个性扩张——论刘辰翁的文学思想

宋末江西文人刘辰翁以耿直名,他具有江西文人的个性特点。同为江西籍文人,他继宋代欧阳修、杨万里以及其他江西诗派文人而来,并具有江西地域文化性格。同时因处于改朝换代和蒙古族入主的特殊历史时期,其个性更被扩张,他抒发对旧朝的哀怨和新朝的不平之怒,情绪激烈。这造成了其文学创作和文学鉴赏的不一致,其诗词创作有情真与自然的特色,而其文学鉴赏和主张则务求艰涩尖新。然而其实这些都是统一于其耿直的人格特点下,他继承江西大儒欧阳守道之学,表面上畔于圣人之道,实际则是一个有真性情和个性,坚持自我的儒士。     

“姊”之流变考

时下语言工作者对亲属称谓泛化的研究大都局限在现代汉语,本文从古代汉语“姊”的角度分析它的泛化形式和使用范围,研究它从中古汉语到近代汉语时期的发展演变,揭示其泛化原因。并以本文的研究成果修订辞书,校勘文献。     

“瓒”的定名、形制及相关问题

本试图从考古学角度出发,结合古字与献,对“瓒”的定名、形制及相关问题作进一步探讨,以期对商周时期“瓒”及“瓒”所反映的礼制及化变迁有一个初步认识。     

长江中游地区楚墓中出土的青铜箭镞的锈蚀现象及锈蚀机理研究

青铜箭镞是古代制造量最大、一次性使用的兵器,与要求甚高的青铜剑和青铜礼乐器等相比,在选材和表面处理等方面有很大的不同,其锈蚀过程最能反映材料在经过数千年后所产生变化。长江中下游地区环境潮湿,埋藏条件复杂,本研究利用扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、能谱仪（EDS）、X-射线衍射仪（XRD）、显微硬度等分析测试技术,从材料科学的角度对长江中游地区战国晚期古墓中出土的青铜箭镞的锈蚀现象和锈蚀机理进行了全面的研究和分析,以期为古代青铜器的保护提供更准确的信息和资料。结果表明,青铜箭镞的组织结构可分为完全矿化层、过渡层和心部原始材料等三个特征层,不同特征层具有不同的显微组织、化学成分、致密性,以及显微硬度等;并沿横截面观察和分析了锈蚀层中的微裂纹的性质和产生原因,即,平行于表面的裂纹是由矿化层氧化物膨胀引起的剥离开裂,其进一步发展将形成“粉状锈”,而垂直于表面呈放射状的裂纹是当圆柱形箭镞杆膨胀时,矿化层的塑性差,抗变形能力低而产生的开裂;锈蚀机理研究认为青铜器的锈蚀过程是环境中杂质元素通过过渡层沿界面能较高的α固溶体和（α＋δ）共析体晶界或孔隙等缺陷逐步向内部扩散的结果。