The spring,the seed and the tree: Gregory of Tours on the wonders of nature

In the preface to his liturgical calendar The reckoning of the course of the stars Bishop Gregory of Tours (538–594) — author also of Ten books of histories and Eight books of miracles as well as of a Commentary on the understanding of the Psalter (of which, however, only fragments are preserved) — declares God's “wonders” of the natural world to be superior to the seven ancient wonders of the world. The reason for this is that the latter, being works of men, are subject to decay and destruction, while the former, as miraculous works of God, are divinely sustained and renewed daily or annually, thereby becoming imperishable. An examination of the associative contexts in which two of these wonders — the sea (enlarged to include water in its various forms) and plant life — occur in the rest of Gregory's works reveals several essential themes of his thinking not only about nature, but also about God, man and society. Thought, for him, nature as a (divinely sustained) system of regularities does exist as a kind of backdrop, sudden unpredictable divine — and sometimes diabolic — action in and through phenomena occupies the center of the stage. Gregory tends to see this action in the shape of what he regards as pre-existing images or patterns of invisible spiritual truth, to which the visible, even material, structure of events must necessarily conform. He shows, too, how this action could reflect as well as meet various needs of the individual and of society as a whole. An association which recurs almost constantly in his treatment of divine action in these natural phenomena, which he sometimes describes as analogous to that in man, is precisely that with the cluster of closely related concepts of renewal, rebirth and creation ex nihilo. Together with what appears as an extreme, as it were ‘poetical’, sensitivity to sudden perceptions and intuitions, something like a longing for and surrender to what he describes as “astonished admiration” may have helped to make possible his recognition of that which he designated as divine creative power in the world of visible reality as well as in man's inner experience. His seeing this as an essential dynamic of the holy may mean that he felt it to be a fundamental need and concern not only of the individual personality but also, more obscurely, of the society in which he found himself.     

国家权力、企业家精神与企业经营——以通用机器有限公司(1946~1949)为例

通用机器有限公司是国民政府资源委员会在抗战胜利后创办于上海的国有机械制造企业。资源委员会委派私营企业家马雄冠作为公司负责人,并肯定了马雄冠的"纯商业化"经营路线,使公司能边基建边投产运营,缓解了资金压力,在恶劣的局势下取得较好的成绩。尽管马雄冠为公司注入了企业家精神,但公司的销路问题有赖于资源委员会的重工业建设,其技术引进也由资源委员会负担了大笔先期资金,因此,该公司的成功是良好政企关系的产物。     

卢梭回归自然的美学之境

卢梭的“自然美”思想丰赡深邃,精远宏阔.从美育目标、理念、重点三个层面梳理了卢梭自然主义美育思想的核心内容,将其教育特点归纳为整体性、平民性、情感性和自然性,并着重阐述了这一思想对新时期我国美育工作的四个重要启示:即注重美育工作的辩证性;尊重美育实践的主体性;激励美育过程的情感性;倡导美育内容的生态性.     

Quantifying Animal Trajectories Using Spatial Aggregation and Sequence Analysis: A Case Study of Differentiating Trajectories of Multiple Species

The increasing availability of telemetry data with high spatial and temporal resolution promises to greatly advance scientific understandings of the movement patterns of individual organisms across space and time. The amount of data provided by such methods, however, can be challenging to analyze and interpret. In this study, we present a new approach for analyzing animal movements that aggregates telemetry locations into spatial clusters and extracts the information from sequences formed by individuals passing through these spatial clusters. We applied this integrated approach of spatial aggregation and sequence analysis to quantify and compare trajectories of cattle (Bos taurus), mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus), and elk (Cervus elaphus) tracked by automated telemetry at the Starkey Experimental Forest and Range in northeastern Oregon, USA. Our approach effectively differentiated movement patterns of the three species. It provides a useful mean of quantifying movement patterns of species in a landscape.     

全球—地方视角下西安市软件产业集群的创新效应研究

全球—地方关系为产业创新研究提供了新的视角。本文基于全球（通道）—本地（蜂鸣）关系视角构建了软件产业集群创新效应研究的理论框架。以西安市软件产业集群为例,采用Stata13定量分析不同尺度创新合作的创新效应及其影响因素。研究发现,本地和国际创新合作均对集群创新具有积极的影响,且后者比前者的创新效应更强,说明搭建外部通道对集群创新的必要性;本地与国际创新合作交互对不同规模的软件企业产生的创新效应不同,对小型软件企业存在减法效应,对中型软件企业存在加法效应,对大型软件企业具有乘法效应。建立领先软件企业带动的开放创新系统,是西安市软件产业集群提升创新效应的有效路径。     

江西纪年墓出土明代景德镇民窑青花瓷研究

本文在对江西各地出土的116件明代景德镇纪年青花瓷标本进行器物形制、胎质釉色、装饰纹样分析的基础上,提出民窑可按照其自身发展大致分为早、中、晚三期。     

清代雍乾朝经营敦煌述论

敦煌(沙州)地处嘉峪关西边,西接新疆之哈密,南连青海之柴达木,具有极其重要的战略地位,清朝为加强嘉峪关外地区的控制,从雍正初年开始经营敦煌等地.从雍正初年到乾隆中期,清朝在敦煌先后设置了沙州所、沙州卫、敦煌县,并从甘肃各地招募了贫民前来屯垦.     

Sino–American relations: new changes and new challenges

Sino–American relations encompass a highly complex array of cooperative and competitive dimensions. Recently, they have evolved around the question of ‘China's rise’ or (as Chinese analysts would state it) ‘peaceful evolution’. This article surveys both the cooperative and competitive structural elements of this important bilateral relationship. It tracks recent transitions in that relationship, arguing that China's new-found status as a ‘responsible stakeholder’ in American eyes will present a new set of American expectations and new forms of strategic collaboration that will seriously test both sides’ policy creativity and ability to adapt to a rapidly changing global environment.     

高光谱成像技术在中国古代书画分析中的应用研究综述

中国古代书画，因其年代久远，递藏情况复杂，多数屡经裁切割补、修复重装，故而有很多历史信息或被叠摞或被遮蔽，导致今人不能以肉眼直接观察而获得，而纸绢接补，墨迹、颜料、印鉴的残损也为书画研究者带来诸多悬而未决的问题。近年来，高光谱技术作为一种非侵入式的光谱成像技术，已逐步应用于各类彩绘文物中，该技术可为中国古代书画研究和保护提供更丰富的信息。本工作以文献调研为基础，简要介绍了高光谱成像的原理及技术特点，对高光谱技术在中国古代书画研究的实践进行总结，梳理了国内外研究者利用高光谱技术在书画、档案及相关彩绘文物的增强显示、物质识别、虚拟修复方面的应用案例，以期为相关研究者提供参考借鉴。     

西夏语“头项”词义考

以往学界认为有关西夏汉文文献中的"头项"意为"头领、首领",也是西夏的一种军事组织,这一认识并不准确。传世汉文西夏文献中的"头项"乃是"头绪、种类"等义,而西夏文文献中的"头项"则是"事宜、事项"的意思,可以用作"同位语"。同一常用词在夏汉文本中词义的不对等,说明西夏语在词义衍生的思维模式层面与汉语是不一致的。