Chemical and Microscopic Study of Masonry Mortar in Ancient Pagodas in East China

Ancient mortars played a crucial role in the construction of historical architectures due to their physical and chemical compatibility with traditional building materials such as stones and bricks. Therefore, the analysis and optimization of the ancient mortar formula are significant in the restoration and preservation of historical sites. In this work, 20 mortar samples selected from five ancient stone pagodas in Zhejiang Province, China, were analyzed. The results showed that mud, lime-soil mortar, lime-sand mortar, and lime-gypsum mortar were used as binders in these pagodas. The Ca(OH)₂/aggregate ratio ranging from 0.3 to 2.7 was usually used to prepare lime mortar. Protein and polysaccharide were also found in some samples.     

让材料自己说话——浅论当前历史传记写作的一种趋势

《陈寅恪的最后二十年》、《顾颉刚和他的弟子们》、《束星北档案》等著作,代表了当前历史传记写作的一种趋势。《陈寅恪的最后二十年》的文本近似历史叙事散文;《顾颉刚和他的弟子们》的文本更接近史学论文;而《束星北档案》则类同电视记录片的文稿。这些著作共有的特点是:在修撰方式上,大量运用了第一手材料;在文本风格上,力求作品深入浅出、雅俗共赏;在写作理念上,坚持真实第一,尊重历史。这一趋势非常值得重视。     

Neighbourhood food environments revisited: When food deserts meet food swamps

This study uses service area–based coverage and various count regression methods to assess neighbourhood-level healthy and unhealthy food environments, and food access associated with different socio-economic groups in Edmonton, Canada. We identify three types of vulnerable neighbourhoods according to different food environments: food deserts (i.e., neighbourhoods lack sufficient access to healthy foods); food swamps (i.e., neighbourhoods have excess access to unhealthy foods); and those with overlaps of food swamps and food deserts. We also identify neighbourhoods with superior access to healthy foods (i.e., food oases). Additionally, our results from regression analyses indicate: (1) child population is negatively associated with both healthy and unhealthy food resources; (2) good access to public transportation is associated with good coverage of all healthy food outlets and convenience stores; and (3) deprived neighbourhoods with higher percentages of minority populations have better coverage of both healthy and unhealthy foods in general. The results from this study can help the City of Edmonton identify the key neighbourhoods with high potential for local business and the hotspot neighbourhoods that require particular support. Tailored strategies are proposed to effectively and efficiently improve food environments with limited resources.     

声频应力波法检测土遗址加固用玻璃纤维锚杆锚固质量初探

土遗址锚杆锚固质量一直是土遗址加固工程中关注的重点问题。目前,土遗址领域均采用具有破坏性的拉拔试验对其进行检测。基于土遗址的文物属性,本研究尝试利用无损检测技术评价土遗址加固用玻璃纤维锚杆的锚固质量。通过锚杆无损检测仪与拉拔仪分别对甘肃省红沙堡遗址与永泰城址加固工程中的玻璃纤维锚杆锚固系统进行检测。比较实际测量杆长与仪器测量杆长结果,得出杆长指标可以判断无损检测仪所测结果的真实性。无损检测仪得出的检测波形衰减规律显著,对比相应锚杆的拉拔试验的评价结果,证实了声频应力波法在土遗址玻璃纤维锚杆锚固系统无损检测中的适用性。本研究结果将为评价土遗址加固用玻璃纤维锚杆锚固质量提供可靠的依据。     

经济行为与环境变化:清前期台湾野生鹿消失探析

鹿曾经是台湾数量最庞大的野生动物群之一。明末以来,随着台湾贸易交流的活跃,鹿成为大宗出口商品,土著居民由原先捕鹿作为民生用品逐渐发展至为市场服务;清前期大陆移民入台的农业垦殖又破坏了鹿原有的生态环境。人类经济行为引发的环境变化,最终导致了野生鹿在台湾渐趋消失。     

兔儿爷：从兔神和儿童玩具到民间艺术品

在20世纪50年代初之前兔儿爷在北京是一个流行的节日物件儿,那时候这个泥塑的兔神在中秋节是孩子们必备的玩具,同时也是中秋拜月的偶像,而今兔儿爷是民间艺术品,在旅游纪念品和民间工艺品商店还有春节庙会上都可以买到。兔儿爷里的“儿”是北京话里的儿化音,并没有实际的意思;“爷”在这里是神的意思。     

重论章学诚与戴震的修志之争

清代著名学者戴震和章学诚,曾为修志发生过一场激烈争论。后人根据二人争论中涉及的“史”、“地理”等概念,认为这是方志属于历史学还是地理学的争论。但文章认为,只要认真分析历史与地理学科的形成过程和二人争论的有关问题,就可以发现,二人争论有性情和学术背景不同的原因．也有对修志争论体例的不同认识,但是没有涉及方志学科属性的争论。方志的形成与现代学科的形成是两个不同的历史过程．章、戴之争与方志学科属性无关。     

安福、永定二县的设置与清代州县行政管理体制在湘西北的确立

明初设立的九溪、永定二卫,到了清初已经演变为征收屯赋、管理屯民的地方行政性管辖机构。雍正年间裁卫设县,结束了九溪、永定二卫的历史存在,并在调整土地与户口归属的基础上,最终完成了湘西北地区卫所军事管理体制向州县行政管理体制的转变。     

黑龙江省旅游业发展策略初探

本文从现代旅游业的特点出发,运用旅游学的基本理论,结合黑龙江省的实际情况,对本省旅游业的发展策略进行了初步探讨。     

自然启示录：1755年里斯本地震海啸对葡萄牙社会的冲击和影响

1755年里斯本大地震—海啸是欧洲近现代历史上最具破坏力的一次地震,也是欧洲迄今为止直接遭遇的最大一次海啸。关于此次地震原因之争、葡萄牙在震后重建中采取的一系列举措,对政治、经济、思想、教育、文化、宗教等诸多社会历史方面均产生了重要影响,主要体现在削弱了宗教势力、加强了世俗权力和中央集权,促进了全国性抗灾机制的首建,对启蒙运动和地震学的发展等起了相当大的推动作用。