Characterizations of palace lantern tassels preserved in The Palace Museum,Beijing, by UPLC-ESI-Q-TOF

Palace lanterns were important and highly visible decorations in the imperial palace in Beijing, China, during the Qing dynasty (1636–1912). Most lanterns had colourful tassels made of fibres. The study performed a comprehensive investigation of the materials and dyes used for palace lantern tassels preserved in The Palace Museum, Beijing. Eight samples with different colours, including yellow, green and red, from five palace lanterns were analysed. By using ultra-performance liquid chromatography combined with time-of-flight mass spectrometry, the compositions of the dyes were identified quickly, and thus the dyes' origins were explored. A X-ray fluorescence spectrometer assisted in the detection of whether a mordant was used during the dyeing process. As a result, the tassels were all made of silk, discovered through the use of microscopic observation and micro-Fourier transform infrared spectrometry analysis. Different dyeing techniques were found in these tassels: yellow tassels were dyed by cork tree or turmeric by a direct dyeing method; greens were dyed by pagoda bud with an iron mordant, or by the combination of cork tree and indigo using multi-dyeing method; and red tassels were coloured with different acid red industrial dyes. These results provide valuable data for the conservation of ancient textile tassels and contribute to the investigation of other hanging tags.     

《析津志·名宦》史源考——兼考元初中书官员刘肃的官职

元末熊梦祥所撰《析津志》(现仅存辑佚本)的"名宦"部分,从木华黎到刘因等47人的记载,是从《元朝名臣事略》中辑录而得,二者之间存在史源关系。确立了史源关系后,进一步梳理其中的内容,发现《析津志》和《元朝名臣事略》对元初中书官员刘肃的官职记载亦有误,应为"左三部尚书"而非"右三部尚书"。深入考察后进一步发现,《元史·百官志》对元初左右三部设置时间的记载亦有误,应为中统二年,而非中统元年。     

山东省泰安市农业空间生产资本化特征及模式研究

农业生产空间是农村基本功能的载体。从资本“三重循环”视角出发,将“空间的生产”理论引入农业研究,提出并构建农业空间生产资本化的作用逻辑及其特征表征,并以山东省泰安市村庄为研究单元,研究其农业空间生产资本化特征、模式表征及空间规律。发现,泰安市农业生产具有资本投入集约化、空间生产集中化、组织分工专业化等特征;农业空间生产资本化模式共有四种,在空间上呈现出以中心城区为圆心,圈层式向外拓展的规律性,农业空间生产资本化度和三重特征都表现出由内向外先增后缓降的格局。在乡村振兴背景下,识别村庄农业发展模式,根据要素条件,分类指导农业种植结构调整,有利于促进农村多功能有机融合,实现乡村农业产业兴旺发展目标。     

民国北京自杀救助中"先警后医"现象的逻辑考察

北京市档案馆藏民国档案显示,自杀发生后,存在大量知情人首选报告警察,然后由警协同将自杀者送往医院进行急救的"先警后医"现象.医院与基层警察网络分布上空间距离差异,以及官、私医院在救治中公益与盈利的差别,是市民急救时在时间与经济成本方面的基本考量因素,而送医者家庭经济状况与急救的经济成本则是决策时的关键变量.北京现代警政制度的建立,警政职能的市政化,公立医院的设立,不但为市民应急求助提供了制度支撑,也为大量家庭及经济困难者挽救自杀者的生命提供了保障.这一历史现象表明,在自杀发生过程中及时急救,制止自杀死亡结果的出现,降低自杀率,建立以警方、医院为核心多方联动的自杀干预与救助体系是非常重要的.     

南明隆武朝福京乡试考论

隆武帝在明清政权更迭、社会动荡的非常时期,为收拾人心,聚拢人才,稳定政权,抵御清兵南侵,宣布在福京、广东、广西、云南、贵州等省开科取士.福京乡试作为隆武帝的"龙飞首科",得到君臣的高度重视.然因郑芝龙等武臣的阻挠,原定隆武二年三月的福京乡试一拖再拖,最终于是年六月才在福京天兴府举行.文章根据大量史料,考知该科乡试主考官、同考官、提调官、监临官等部分职事官之姓名爵里;录取人数则在崇祯十五年所确定的福建乡试解额105名的基础上,"特旨广额七十名",后复试黜落4名,最终选拔录取举人171名.福京乡试开科不久,隆武政权即在清军强大的攻势下覆亡,但其选拔录取的一批科举人才,却对郑成功的抗清事业发挥了重要作用.     

清代烟草税收研究

烟税在当今中国的财政收入中有重要的地位,而烟税并非朝夕形成的.烟草自明万历年间传入之后,中国历届政府随即开始了烟禁政策.烟禁失败以后,则开始对烟草实行征税政策,清朝初年形成了较为系统的烟草税收.清朝前期的烟草税收,主要分为烟草商品税与烟草关税,烟草一般作为"百货"与其他商品统一征税.晚清时期,清政府开始征收烟草厘金,烟厘被从厘金之中提出,与酒厘形成烟酒税,成为政府财政收入的重要来源,逐渐演变成当今的烟税.     

Rediscovering regional science: Positioning the field's evolving location in science and society

This study aims to provide a comprehensive examination of the evolution of regional science, a scholarly domain in the social sciences that applies analytical and quantitative approaches and methods to understand and address urban, rural, or regional problems. We conducted a bibliometric analysis of 8509 articles published in six regional science flagship journals (including the Journal of Regional Science, Annals of Regional Science, Regional Science and Urban Economics, Papers in Regional Science, Regional Science Policy and Practice, and International Regional Science Review) from 1958 to 2021. The analysis presents an objective data-driven and unprecedented visualization of the field's intellectual, social, and conceptual structure and trends from the beginning to the present. It also provides a rich portrayal of the epistemology of regional science and illuminates matters related to regional science education and training. We find that regional science has moved well beyond its origins, shifting away from a heavy focus on theory and abstraction to modeling/simulation, empirical analysis, and policy research. We also find that there has been increasing attention to “people” in regions and the spatial characteristics of social problems, and some important shifts in the regional science community itself, particularly in terms of patterns of collaboration and the geography of scholarship. The findings of this paper provide implications for future directions of research and education for regional science.     

史前漆膜的分析鉴定技术研究

研究了漆膜分析的三种主要方法：裂解质谱,红外光谱,裂解色谱。通过大量实验比较了各种方法的适应性和可靠性,建立了以裂解色谱／富里叶红外光谱联用技术来鉴定漆膜,并对影响裂解反应的因素及色借条件进行了深入的研究,获得了可以重复,具有特征性的漆膜高分辨裂解色谱图,同时对裂解色谱图中主要组分作了定性鉴定,提高了裂解色谱法分析漆膜的可靠性。该方法具有灵敏度高,样品用量小,共存杂质影响小,操作简便等优点。应用核分析技术对河姆渡,良诸庙前遗址出土的二件红色涂料样品进行了鉴定。分析结果证实了河姆渡出土的红色涂料木碗上的涂料是我国至今发现的最早的生漆漆膜。     

明墓出土历书的揭取与复原

明墓出土的历书,粘连固结成块,脆硬易于折断。通过实验分析研究,探明其主要原因可能是木质素选择性地吸附的钙铁离子与蛋白质的分解物形成复杂物质,沉积在纸上,渗入书内所致。故揭取该历书的关键是去除钙离子,EDTA二钢,碱性过氧化氢、气相二氧化硅等的分步处理,使脆硬的纸张软化,再逐页分离揭取,然后再去除色素沉淀物,终于恢复了书的原貌。