Metropolitan cooperation in Europe: Theoretical issues and perspectives for urban networking 1

In recent years urban entrepreneurialism has become a metropolitan strategy to cope with the challenges of an increasingly flexible global economy. Building on a debate about the problematic nature of this strategy we argue that cooperation of cities, or metropolitan cooperation, constitutes a new policy option for local actors which has the potential to overcome the negative effects of urban competition. In order to explore this potential we analyse the fundamental changes of the local state and existing cooperative efforts. This analysis shows that so far metropolitan cooperation is mainly experimental in character and a policy option that moves forward by trial and error and by learning from success and failure. We see this as partly due to a lack of an adequate theoretical framework dealing with the economics of urban systems. By way of synthesizing different academic discourses we suggest a conceptualization of metropolitan cooperation which takes into account the potential economic benefits and institutional requirements of cooperative behaviour of urban actors. Based on these considerations we establish criteria for suitable thematic fields of metropolitan cooperation and suggest forms of institutionalization.     

古建筑烧结粘土砖性能检测的超声波方法研究

烧结粘土砖作为中国古建筑使用最广泛的材料之一,现有的机械物理性能检测方法多为破坏性的,采用超声波无损检测法则可以最大程度保证砖的完整性。因此,本工作对比了试验台、砖表面平整度以及砖湿度等客观条件对超声波无损检测方法的影响,确定了超声波法检测古代粘土砖性能的操作流程。在初步测定采自山西南部及香港某古建筑的砖性能后发现,超声波无损技术可以标定砖的机械物理性能,并能判断同类型砖的不同劣化程度。超声波无损检测过程可以很好地保证古代砖的完整性,不会对古建筑造成破坏,而且具有便携性。研究结果表明,超声波无损检测是可以推广应用的古建筑勘察及质量监测技术。     

论社会心态对北洋历史进程的影响

社会心态是人类群体、民族、团体及个人受一定社会环境影响,在意识行为上的反映和表现。其表现形式较政治、经济难以把握,也容易为人们忽略,实际上社会心态却对历史进程起着重要的影响。北洋时期的社会心态主要有“接受”、“回归”和“再选择”三种主流表现,这三种心态在北洋时期建立民国、复辟倒退和维护革命成果三大主题中,与政治、经济、化等因素一起构成推动历史运动的合力,共同影响着北洋历史的进程。这表明北洋历史运动的发展不是简单地由政治和经济两项因素所决定,而是由更多的因素包括社会心态在内共同作用的结果。     

《四印斋所刻词》的词学文献价值

晚清词籍校勘成为专门之学,王鹏运实开其端,他所校刻的<四印斋所刻词>具有多方面的词学价值.首先,<四印斋所刻词>确立了晚清校词之学的基本规范,发展了校词的方法.其次,<四印斋所刻词>中的序跋保存了王鹏运等人的词学言论,为研究他们的词学思想提供了依据.再次,<四印斋所刻词>为考察临桂词派的交游提供了重要资料.其四,它为学词者提供了范本,起到了指示门径的作用.此外,它还保存了一些稀有的词集本子.     

THE CIRCULAR MATRIX FROM THE ROBINSON COLLECTION

Summary. The bronze matrix, now in the collection of the Fogg Art Museum, is said to have been found in southern Thessaly close to Larissa Kremaste. As comparanda for the Scylla on the matrix the silver gilt plaque from the third century BC necropolis of Dyrrhachion in Illyria is discussed, as well as the matrix in the Antikensammlungen of Berlin and silver plaques decorating a belt from a late-fourth-century BC grave at Laos, Lucania. Discussing the Thetis emblem on the other side of the matrix the author analyses the motive in Classical art of the fifth/fourth century BC, paying special attention to the stamped fourth-century BC gold and silver plaques with similar design coming from the Cimmerian Bosporus, Thessaly and Macedonia. Conclusions are drawn about the authenticity of the matrix in the Fogg Art Museum, and the close interconnections between toreutic centres in the late fourth century BC.