Improvised Hybridity in the “Fixing” of Chinese Infrastructure Capital: The Case of Kenya's Standard Gauge Railway

The article explores the role of state-owned enterprises (SOEs) in the globalisation of China's infrastructure capital. Examining how accumulation strategies of Chinese SOEs are driven by a complex set of political and economic, state and private, interests, it foregrounds the inherently hybrid nature of China's state capitalism. We use Kenya's Standard Gauge Railway (SGR) as a case study to analyse how state infrastructure capital traverses borders, and the specific ways that contradictions of accumulation in China are relocated through the improvised hybridity of SOEs. In Kenya, China Road and Bridge Corporation, the main SGR contractor, shifted and adapted its strategies as the pursuit of economic productivity gave way to political priorities in China, simultaneously responding to changing socio-political circumstances in Kenya and across East Africa. Analysing these dynamics, we highlight the contingencies of, and limitations to, structural reorganisation of actually existing forms of state capitalism in China and beyond.     

居民家庭旅游消费行为初探

居民家庭旅游行为是一种特殊的消费行为,本文根据长春市居民家庭消费行为的有关调查资料对影响长春市居民家庭旅游消费行为的因素进行了分析探讨,并说明了居民家庭旅游消费行为研究的重大意义。     

The Chemical Composition and Production Area of Early Western Zhou Proto‐Porcelain Unearthed from Yejiashan Cemetery,Suizhou, China

The bodies and glazes of 27 early Western Zhou proto‐porcelain samples from Yejiashan cemetery, Hubei Province, were analysed using LA‐ICP–AES, SEM, XRD, a thermal expansion instrument and other analytical methods. The results indicated that the bodies of all samples were characterized by high silicon and low aluminium, and were made with porcelain stone raw materials found in the south of China. The glazes are typical of high‐temperature calcium glazes of the CaO (MgO) – K₂O (Na₂O) – Al₂O₃ – SiO₂ series, with relatively high Mn and P content, which was probably caused by the addition of plant ashes. The physical properties and phase compositions of Yejiashan proto‐porcelain show that firing processes were still in the early stages of development in ancient China. Multivariate statistical analyses indicated that Yejiashan proto‐porcelain might have come from the Deqing area, in Zhejiang Province. These results provide new archaeological evidence for research on issues related to material flow in the Western Zhou dynasty.     

Investigating Human Migration and Horse‐Trading in Yelang (夜郎) Through Strontium Isotope Analysis of Skeletons from Zhougshui Sites,South‐West China (1300 bc – ad 25)

Yelang (夜郎), a mysterious state located in the south‐western area of early China and dating from the Bronze Age to the Early Iron Age (1300 bc – ad 25), is a cultural interactive junction between the Yunnan–Guizhou Plateau and the Yangtze River Basin. The Zhongshui Basin in Weining County, Guizhou Province, was one of the important distribution areas of the Yelang civilization. This area, which includes sites at Jigongshan (鸡公山; 1300 – 800 bc ), Hongyingpan (红营盘; 700 – 400 bc ) and Yinzitan (银子坛; 400 bc – ad 25), has provided a very integrated chronology, spanning from the Bronze Age to the Early Iron Age in the eastern Yunnan – western Guizhou area. To investigate human migration and horse‐trading at these Yelang sites, we conducted a strontium isotopic analysis on the teeth enamel of humans and horses unearthed from these three sites. The results indicated the following: (1) people at the earlier sites (Jigongshan and Hongyingpan) were all indigenous, whereas in the Yinzitan cemetery, there was a more immigrant population, and all the people who were buried in an upper limb flexed supine position were non‐local; and (2) most of the horses found at the Jigongshan and Yinzitan sites show different provenances, probably related to the famous Dian (滇) and Zuo (筰) horses recorded in historical documents, providing more clues for further study on horse‐trading in South‐West China during the Bronze Age and the Early Iron Age.     

An Approach to the Diagnosis of Craniofacial Fibrous Dysplasia from the 2500‐Year‐Old Remains of a Skull from Ancient China

A human skull, buried about 2500 years ago in a Bronze Age cemetery at Jinggouzi, a site of an important ethnic group in ancient China, appeared to have characteristics of fibrous dysplasia. The CT images indicated a reduction in bone density and relatively homogeneous lesions. More features were revealed using CT reconstruction techniques. Lesions seen in low‐magnification images using a 3D deep‐field microscope had an irregular honeycomb‐like structure. At higher magnification, the trabeculae morphology and the gaps between the trabeculae were irregular and varied in size and shape. Paraffin‐embedded specimens stained with HE showed trabeculae with tortuous irregular arrangements varying in shape and width. The irregular trabeculae of woven bone has been described as having fibrous dysplasia. Molecular analysis of the GNAS gene indicated no mutation. This provides a non‐invasive approach for us to make more comprehensive diagnoses and to assist research into ancient human diseases.     

海阳县旧志考

海阳县自东晋成和六年（331年）建县以来，直至清前都没有修志。入清后县志所修有三，即康熙金一凤《海阳县志》、雍正张士琏《海阳县志》和光绪卢蔚猷《海阳县志》。本文对这三部旧志进行了考证和比较，认真总结了他们的优长和不足。     

金代春水秋山玉赏析

春水、秋山玉名称的由来源于契丹、女真人的"四时捺钵"习俗。捺钵,是契丹语,意思是四时游猎、避暑消寒,暂时游幸的场所。辽、金、元时期,在我国北方的大草原上,居住着契丹、女真、蒙古等少数民族,他们以游牧、狩猎、渔猎等生活方式为主,并随着季节气候的变化逐水草而居,于是,从辽代开始就形成了契丹贵族春、夏、秋、冬"四时捺钵"的习俗。女真人灭辽后,建立金朝,继承了契     

AN ECOLOGICAL SAFETY SHELTER ESTABLISHED ON THE SNOWY HIGHLAND

<正>On the snowy highland,the splendid view of mountains and waters vie with each other;the birds and beasts stroll idly as in a courtyard,and the flourishing woods and grasses stretch as far as the eyes can see.Is"Shambhala"a fairyland?Over the years,the central government and Tibet have focused on protecting the highland ecology and have attained impressive achievements.Under the blue sky     

洛林吉亚国王罗退尔二世离婚风波迭起的历史动因

基督教会提倡"婚姻不可分解"的理念,这种理念随着基督教会势力的壮大和宗教思想的深入人心,对中世纪西欧封建帝王的婚姻构成了一种道德约束作用。而罗马教延等现实政治生活中的各方势力也常常以此为由,向那些有违婚姻道德的世俗帝王问责发难。洛林吉亚王国的国王罗退尔二世的离婚案即是一起因此而发的政治风波。由于基督教婚姻理念的约束作用,加洛林帝国的分裂瓦解、同宗诸王的纷争内斗、教皇权威开始抬头等众多历史因素的叠加、交织,使得罗退尔二世不仅无法像他的先祖查理曼那样可以自由地离异,反而成了众矢之的,最后以"身死国灭"的历史悲剧黯然收场。     

近代法国莱茵河“自然疆界”话语的流变(1450—1792)

"自然疆界"是近代法国的一个重要政治文化概念,它产生于中世纪后期主权国家兴起之时。作为自然疆界的莱茵河形象,诞生于文艺复兴时代,它以关于古代高卢的历史意象为依据,并逐步取代源自中世纪的"四河之境",为法国的理想空间形态的塑造提供了重要元素。17世纪,莱茵河自然疆界观念成为某种国民意识和公共舆论,为法国向莱茵河方向的扩张提供了观念上的支持。在启蒙时代,它更具和平主义色彩,与国家领土空间巩固的目标颇为契合。大革命初期,它再次进入扩张主义的话语,但其理论基础在于非历史的政治理念:自由和人民自决。这一话语三个世纪的历程见证了法国政治文化中关于国家东北边疆的记忆和认知的变迁,也反映了构建民族认同和国家地域实体的过程中不同理论和话语的转换与混杂;而革命时代产生的基于自由自决的民族构建论与德意志"语言论"民族认同的交锋,在今天尤其值得重新评估。