Study on the strontium isotope standard in pig teeth excavated from Zaoshugounao site,Shaanxi Province of China

In archaeology, strontium isotope analysis is developing into an efficient scientific technique for tracing the movement of prehistoric humans and animals. Determining the local bioavailable ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratio range is the key to distinguishing whether the human or animal is indigenous to the local area. It has been shown that the ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratio in the enamel of pigs can be an excellent sample to determine the range of local strontium isotope ratio at the site. However, pigs may not be all local at the site, and there is no special study on whether pigs’ different ages and tooth types impact the local strontium isotope characteristics. In this paper, the tooth enamel of 19 pigs from the Zaoshugounao site for strontium isotope ratio (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr) by multicollector–inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. There were no significant differences in ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios of local pigs at different months and different molar types, which did not affect the determination of the local strontium isotope standard. Based on the local strontium isotope ratio range (0.711056–0.711476), we found that five pigs were non-local. The Jing and Wei river basins (in Guanzhong basin) and northern Shaanxi are likely sources of non-pigs.     

中国对日、韩、越三国科举的影响

China’s imperial examinations greatly influenced the East Asian world. Japan imitated it during the eighth to tenth centuries; its subjects include xiucai, mingjing, jinshi, mingfa, as well as medicine and acupuncture. Korean imperial examinations are the longest and most comprehensive ones among other East Asian countries. Vietnam was the last to abolish the imperial examinations. All three East Asian countries imitated China in their imperial examinations, which greatly raised their cultural levels. Translated by Yang Chunyan from Xueshu Yuekan 学术月刊 (Academic Monthly), 2006, (12): 136–142     

王原祁《仿高房山山水图》与《仿高克恭山水图》真伪辨

清初的画坛以“四王吴恽”。为首,他们占据着清初画坛的正统地位。相对来说,“四王”中的王辈与王原祁,在绘画艺术上取得了较大的成就,如王翠开创了“虞山派”、王原祁开创了“娄东派”。他们对清代山水画的发展产生过重大影响,影响整个清代山水画三百年。     

科举制的起源与进士科的起始

“科举”一词有广义与狭义之分。广义的科举指分科举人 ,即西汉以后分科目察举或制诏甄试人才授予官职的制度 ;狭义的科举指进士科举 ,即隋代设立进士科以后用考试来选拔人才授予官职的制度。进士科举不始于隋文帝时而始于隋炀帝大业元年。炀帝始建进士科时并未予以特别的重视 ,进士科举的重要意义是因后来它在中国社会政治和文化教育上影响日益重大而为后人所赋予的     

Infl uence of China’s imperial examinations on Japan,Korea and Vietnam

China’s imperial examinations greatly influenced the East Asian world. Japan imitated it during the eighth to tenth centuries; its subjects include xiucai, mingjing, jinshi, mingfa, as well as medicine and acupuncture. Korean imperial examinations are the longest and most comprehensive ones among other East Asian countries. Vietnam was the last to abolish the imperial examinations. All three East Asian countries imitated China in their imperial examinations, which greatly raised their cultural levels.     

GIS在北京延庆大庄科辽代冶铁遗址群景观考古研究中的初步应用

以北京延庆县大庄科乡冶铁遗址群为例,对空间结构及其与资源、环境间的关系通过GIS工具进行分析。根据对冶炼活动有显著关系的影响因子,建立遗址分布之间的定量关系,进而模拟小区域范围内的遗址预测。研究发现,该区冶铁遗址群对地理位置中的坡度和高程因素展现出较强的依赖性,主要表现为遗址的坡度(7°以下)和高程(650m以下)数值均相对较小;遗址与水系间联系明显,冶铁遗址主要集中在河流交汇处,方便冶炼过程及相关活动水源的供应;而随着冶炉容积(即冶铁产量)的增加,小范围内的冶铁遗址选择,并未以铁矿资源距离就近为最佳选取原则,表明了人类生产活动中对资源的依赖程度有所减低。     

西安府文庙的择址及其对周围环境的塑造

西安府文庙的择址巧妙结合传统文化、地理条件等方面的因素,力求达到自然和人文融合的"天人合一"的境界。同时府文庙的存在也对周围自然、人文环境产生了深远的影响。     

Understanding the Field of Public Affairs through the Lens of Ranked Ph.D. Programs in the United States

The goal of this article is to understand the multidisciplinary field of public affairs. Based on data and text mining on the profiles and publications of all faculty members from a list of research‐oriented U.S. public affairs programs, we describe the landscape of public affairs schools and scholars, identify 15 topics in public affairs research and discuss their trends of change between 1986 and 2015, and show the clustering and hiring networks of public affairs schools. Our results suggest a broader approach to understanding the field of public affairs than the public administration focus in the literature. Although public administration is highly visible in the field, which is evidenced by the journals most favored by public affair scholars, various specific policy areas (such as health, social, urban, environmental, global, and education policies) show strong representations based on our topical analysis of public affairs research.     

试论安徽沿江平原商代遗存及与周边地区的文化联系

本文以安徽沿江平原地区的商时期遗存为考察对象,将该地区商时期遗存划分为两种,其中沿江西段为"薛家岗遗存",东段地区为商文化"大城墩类型"。通过与周边地区比较,对两类遗存的年代、性质及文化特征进行了分析。为了揭示沿江平原地区商文化的来源,本文将该地区所见商时期遗存与周边的江淮西部、宁镇及江汉东部地区进行比较,得出了商文化南下对安徽沿江平原的东、西两段地区的影响存在明显差异,其主要原因应与商王朝对铜矿资源追求及南下路线的不同有关。     

《星源集庆》及行辈用字

《星源集庆》是清代记载皇帝直系的玉牒。1661年(顺治18年)成立玉牒馆,由宗人府宗令、内阁大学士、礼部尚书等人分任正、副总裁,组织专门写作班子编修玉牒。各地方官负责调查核实户籍然后上报。爱新觉罗氏宗人对此事也极为关心,因为入册与否直接关系到每年领取饷银以及爵位、官职的承袭、婚丧嫁娶的赏赐等待遇,所以谁也不肯漏掉。