Earthquake Faulting Effects on Buried Pipelines – Case History and Centrifuge Study

Permanent ground deformation (PGD) is one of the most damaging hazards for continuous buried lifelines. This hazard is especially severe when the PGD results in net compression in the pipe. In that case, buckling of pipe material can occur. If buckling is moderate, deformation of the pipe cross-section can lead to flow restriction and high friction losses, and eventually require line replacement. If buckling is severe, high localized strains can lead to pipe rupture, loss of contents, and possible pollution of surrounding soil. In this article, centrifuge tests of buried pipelines subject to abrupt ground failure in the form of surface faulting are presented. The fault movement results in mostly compression in the pipe. The test results are compared with a case history of pipe failure in the 1999 Izmit, Turkey earthquake and also with the results from the centrifuge tests which result in net tension in the pipe. The experimental setup, procedures, and instrumentation are described in detail. Suggestions for design practice are offered based on the analysis of results from both the 1999 Izmit case history and the centrifuge modeling.     

A Method for Selecting Ground Motions that Considers Target Response Spectrum Mean and Variance as Well as Correlation Structure

This study proposes a method for selecting ground motions from a ground motion library with response spectra that match the target response spectrum mean, variance, and correlation structures. The proposed method is conceptually simple and straightforward. In this method, a desired number of ground motions are sequentially selected from first to last. The accuracy and consistency of the proposed method are verified through comparisons of the ground motions selected using the proposed method with those selected using conventional methods. This study shows that the seismic responses of the frames vary according to ground motion selection and correlation structures.     

东坡苏公帖碑研究

东坡苏公帖碑是现存刊刻最早的苏轼个人丛帖,也是历史上优秀的苏书刻石之一。本文对该帖作了多方面研究,并特别指出帖碑中保存的《中山松醪赋》“元祜正书本”是仅存的苏轼的两种写本之一,有别于人们熟知的“绍圣合卷本”。该本中苏轼修改的字迹表明它与《中山松醪赋》祖本有着很深的渊源关系。帖碑上四种苏轼手迹,三种墨迹已失传,有赖刻石流传,而帖碑是其传世最早的佳刻。因此,东坡苏公帖碑无论在保存东坡书迹方面。还是于苏轼诗赋校勘研究方面。都具有重要的价值,也是帖学研究中应该关注的重要对象。     

绚丽多彩的互助土族服饰

土族作为我国五十六个民族之一,其服饰种类繁多,别具一格,特色鲜明。如绚丽多姿、恰似彩虹的“花袖衫”;艳丽夺目、线条流畅、巧夺天工的刺绣饰物;典雅美观的“恰绕”和鲜艳别致的“扭达”等。互助地区土族民族服饰具有较强的民族文化内涵和较高的审美价值,具有很高的民族历史文化价值。     

Interdisciplinary studies of spring mire deposits from Radzików (South Podlasie Lowland,East Poland) and their significance for palaeoenvironmental reconstructions

The paper presents the results of interdisciplinary (multiproxy) palaeoenvironmental studies of peat — calcareous tufa depositional sequences of spring mire from Radzików site (east Poland). Analyses of three biotic proxies (plant macrofossils, pollen, molluscs) were supplemented with sedimentological, geochemical, oxygen and carbon stable isotopes analyses and radiocarbon dating and used for reconstruction of environmental changes in Late Glacial and Holocene. The obtained results enable us to (1) reconstruct main phases of mire development and (2) determine environmental factors influencing changes of water supply.     

From the discovery of radioactivity to the development of the K-Ar dating method

In this paper I try to explain why the potassium-argon dating method was developed much later than other radiometric methods (like U-He and U-Pb), which were established at the beginning of the 20^th century. In fact the pioneering paper by Aldrich and Nier (1948) was published 50 years after the discovery of polonium and radium, when nearly all the details concerning potassium isotopes and radioactivity of potassium-40 had been investigated. The role of Marie Curie’s concept of the nature of radioactivity in the discovery of the radioactivity of potassium is emphasized.     

伊斯兰传统文明的基本特征与中东现代化进程的历史轨迹

伊斯兰传统文明与中东现代化进程两者之间具有内在的逻辑联系和历史联系,伊斯兰传统文明的特定历史背景决定了中东现代化进程之区别于其他诸多地区现代化进程的特殊道路。土地所有制的非国有化运动、穆斯林与非穆斯林之间社会界限的淡化和法律地位的趋同、现代民族国家的兴起以及民族主义、极权主义与国家资本主义的实践,标志着中东现代化进程的长足进步。世俗化并非现代化的必要组成部分,所谓的世俗主义和伊斯兰主义在不同的历史时代具有不同的历史内涵。西方宪政制度的移植并未带来真正意义上的自由和民主,现代伊斯兰主义运动构成中东诸国下层民众的广泛政治参与和民主政治挑战极权政治的重要外在形式。     

Propagation of error formulas for K/Ar dating method

In this paper has been derived the most relevant propagation of error formula in the case when argon peaks are measured. The most frequently cited formula published by Cox and Dalrymple deals with the isotope ratios, instead of isotope peaks heights, considered as independent variables.