Characterizations of palace lantern tassels preserved in The Palace Museum,Beijing, by UPLC-ESI-Q-TOF

Palace lanterns were important and highly visible decorations in the imperial palace in Beijing, China, during the Qing dynasty (1636–1912). Most lanterns had colourful tassels made of fibres. The study performed a comprehensive investigation of the materials and dyes used for palace lantern tassels preserved in The Palace Museum, Beijing. Eight samples with different colours, including yellow, green and red, from five palace lanterns were analysed. By using ultra-performance liquid chromatography combined with time-of-flight mass spectrometry, the compositions of the dyes were identified quickly, and thus the dyes' origins were explored. A X-ray fluorescence spectrometer assisted in the detection of whether a mordant was used during the dyeing process. As a result, the tassels were all made of silk, discovered through the use of microscopic observation and micro-Fourier transform infrared spectrometry analysis. Different dyeing techniques were found in these tassels: yellow tassels were dyed by cork tree or turmeric by a direct dyeing method; greens were dyed by pagoda bud with an iron mordant, or by the combination of cork tree and indigo using multi-dyeing method; and red tassels were coloured with different acid red industrial dyes. These results provide valuable data for the conservation of ancient textile tassels and contribute to the investigation of other hanging tags.     

试论年鉴条目标题的设立原则

年鉴条目标题的设立原则为完整原则、主题原则、动态原则、确定原则和亮点原则,并对这5个原则作了简单论述。     

继往开来,求实创新,做好江河水利志编修工作

2001～2006年底,水利部成立江河水利志工作指导委员会并组织指导完成了首轮江河水利志的修编工作。文章针对首轮江河水利志编修工作的评价与问题进行探讨,分析新时期的形势和任务,提出做好江河水利志续修续编工作的要求。     

太平天国运动后江南驻防的恢复与重建

太平天国战争结束后,清廷和江宁将军都急欲恢复江南驻防旧制。但在筹建旗营兵房和筹补旗兵缺额时,地方督抚常以资金匮乏为由拖延执行清廷的谕令,敷衍江宁将军的重建要求,直到光绪二十四年八旗兵制改革,江宁驻防旧制也未能完全恢复。究其原因,既因为太平天国运动使得晚清的财政制度发生了巨大变革,以督抚为代表的地方政府有了很大的财政自主权,不愿意以地方所筹之饷长期供养驻防八旗,也因为驻防八旗所要恢复的以骑射为主的旧制与两江总督希望建立的以新式枪炮为主的军队新制相比落后时代太远。研究江南驻防的恢复与重建,有利于加深对晚清中央与地方、满与汉关系的理解。     

李泽厚先生道德见解献疑

李泽厚先生基于康德绝对主义伦理立场,其道德见解具有人兽对立、理性至上、强调外烁、注重约束等道德精英主义的特点.本文则以道德常识和神经认知科学等方法,力证道德的生物演化、本能领先、基于内发、重视激活的道德平民主义.认为后者更契合新时代需要和新学术背景.     

Development of Collaborative Structure Analysis (CSA) System and Its Application to Investigate Effects of Soil-Structure Interaction

In this article, a collaborative structure analysis (CSA) system is developed for integrating different finite-element simulation programs. In this system, a simulated structure is divided into multiple substructures, and the interaction between the substructures is considered. Interfaces for the commercial finite-element program ABAQUS and for an open-source framework for structure analysis, OpenSees, are developed to achieve CSA integration. The CSA system is applied to analysis of a soil-structure interaction (SSI) problem, and the effects of SSI are investigated, and the efficiency and accuracy of the system are demonstrated.     

明清时期长江中下游地区的鱼苗生产与贩运

明清时期长江中下游地区鱼苗的生产与贩运较为兴盛．江西九江湖口一带是最大的鱼苗生产基地和鱼苗贩运集散地,其他一些江湖水系交汇、饵料丰富的地方的鱼苗生产与贩运往往也具有一定规模。渔民们在长期的鱼苗捕捞生产过程中积累了丰富的经验．鱼苗捕捞采集生产及贩运销售已形成一个较完整的体系,鱼苗市场规模盛大,鱼苗贩运渠道较广,销售辐射范围宽,贩运方式多种多样,官方参与并干预了鱼苗生产与贩运的全过程。     

汉代徐州地区的宗教传播

徐州汉化不仅以汉墓、汉俑、汉画称于世,而且由于地处南北交汇的特殊区位,儒佛道多种化在此碰撞融通,使之成为道教和佛教的传播基地。汉高祖以道治国,张良晚年退隐,刘向编撰《列仙传》,张陵创建五斗米道,楚王刘英祭浮屠,笮融下邳弘法,他们既促成了道教的产生,又为佛教在东方的传播作出了重大的贡献。     

盘龙城与《盘龙城》

本对《盘龙城》报告体例、遗迹、遗物以及附录分别作出了评述,除了肯定报告的优点之外,主要陈述了与报告编不同的看法,如：报告材料缺乏类型学分析,因此对于遗存时代的判断依据不足,有的甚至没有依据;报告对盘龙城作为一个整体聚落特点体现不够,对一些遗迹性质的判断容易引起争议;不少的数据、图像资料——有的是很重要的材料——存在问题。本对于研究引用盘龙城报告材料、判断盘龙城及其遗迹、遗物性质,应当有所帮助。     

战后英美史学理论界关于“历史解释”与“历史叙述”的论争——以曼德尔鲍姆的批判为线索

"历史解释"与"历史叙述"的论争是英美分析派历史哲学关于历史知识性质的核心议题。首先,分析的历史哲学关于"历史解释"的讨论是对欧洲大陆历史主义传统中将自然(自然科学)与历史(历史科学)分成两撅的反叛,它摒弃了批判的历史哲学的"历史认识"路径,聚焦于经验主义传统的"历史方法"。其次,分析的历史哲学关于"历史叙述"的讨论仍聚焦在"历史解释"的框架内,历史叙述本质上还是一种历史解释,这虽说与叙述主义历史哲学有交集,但已貌合神离。