MEASURING THE EFFECT OF COST VARIATION ON INDUSTRIAL OUTPUTS*

ABSTRACT. This paper introduces the household interactive variable input-output (HIVIO) model to measure the effect of cost variation on industrial outputs. The model produces a variety of cost elasticities that separate out impacts on industrial prices, imports, and outputs, with “own” and “cross” elasticity components. Like the conventional input-output multipliers, these cost elasticities can be useful parameters to evaluate the substituting behavior of firms and consumers. By using the 1980 Korean input-output transactions table, we find the wage and import price effects on industrial prices, outputs, and import demands.     

Heterodoxe lehren und ihre widerlegung im Kālacakra-tantra

Summary At the end of the second chapter of the Buddhist Klacakra-Tantra (dated c. 10th century) we find a group of verses in which several doctrines are characterized and criticized: Brahmanism, Vaisnavism, aivism, materialism, Islam and Jainism. Moreover the text refers to Buddhism itself as well as the so-called heterodox Buddhist schools. It is the only old Sanskrit text known until now in which the Islam is mentioned and recognized as a doctrine.