TESTING SIZE-DENSITY RELATIONSHIPS WITHOUT RATIO-VARIABLES,MULTICOLLINEARITY, LOGARITHMIC TRANSFORMATIONS,OR REGRESSION ANALYSIS*

Using data describing the historical distribution of county seats in the United States, we (1) replicate the traditional ratio-variable test of the size-density law, (2) test a new multivariate, nonratio form of the law, and (3) introduce an alternative method of testing, one which avoids three possible problems in traditional analyses: ratio-variables, multicollinearity, and logarithmic transformation.     

The Ereğli E Shipwreck,Turkey: an early Hellenistic merchant ship in the Black Sea

A shipwreck from the early 3rd century BC was discovered in the Black Sea's suboxic depths off Ere?li, Turkey, during the 2011 E/V Nautilus expedition. Remote investigation revealed the trawl‐damaged remains of a merchant ship carrying multiple amphora types associated with Aegean and Pontic production areas. Also discovered were elements of the ship's hull that show evidence of both pegged mortise‐and‐tenon and laced construction. The wreck provides crucial archaeological evidence for both maritime connectivity and ship‐construction methods during a period of political and economic transition.     

试论史前时期长江流域随葬猪下颌骨习俗

长江下游西部北阴阳营文化、薛家岗文化随葬猪下颌骨的习俗比较广泛,汉水流域甚至发展为主要以猪下颌骨随葬的葬仪。随葬猪下颌骨所彰显的财富与地位特征逐渐变强后再渐弱。距今7000年左右,即在随葬猪下颌骨的最初阶段,只体现出一定的财富属性。距今6000—4500年,随葬猪下颌骨隐含的财富与地位特征最强。之后,这种习俗渐趋消失,与财富、地位的关联性也微乎其微。随葬猪下颌骨的习俗可能是与黄河流域社会上层交流的要素之一。     

The Garden and Beyond: the Dry Season,the Ok Tedi Shutdown,and the Footprint of the 2015 El Niño Drought

This paper offers a snapshot of the 2015 El Niño drought among Min people in Papua New Guinea's West Sepik and Western Provinces. Local assessments of food, water, and health show variation between locations, but with an overall tendency for the drought's effects to spread from lower to higher elevations as the drought progresses. This zone is in the hinterland of the Ok Tedi Mine, and the drought's regional impact was intensified by Ok Tedi's abrupt closure when low water in the Fly River stopped shipments of concentrate and cut off fuel and food supplies. The decision to close the mine was accompanied by the mandatory ‘repatriation’ of workers and their families to ‘home’ communities in the drought‐stricken hinterland. This, combined with deteriorating regional links, has eroded the capacity of Min communities to weather the drought, suggesting that we must look beyond the garden when calculating El Niño's costs.     

HEDONIC PRICING WHEN HOUSING IS ENDOGENOUS: THE VALUE OF ACCESS TO THE TRANS‐ISRAEL HIGHWAY*

Standard hedonic house pricing assumes that house prices are independent of the intangible to be priced. A methodology is proposed in which the supply as well as the demand for housing depends on the intangible. The methodology is applied to value access to the Trans‐Israel Highway (TIH). Using spatial panel data (2002–2008) we show that TIH had two effects on the housing market. It increased house prices in locations with greater access to TIH, and it affected housing construction. Standard hedonic pricing would have underestimated the value of access because it ignores the effects of housing construction on the intangible to be priced. House prices began to increase three years before TIH was inaugurated, but housing construction did not anticipate the inauguration of TIH.     

大云山汉墓出土漆纱研究兼论楚系漆纱冠

通过对江苏盱眙大云山汉墓出土漆纱残片的科学分析,可以得知该漆纱残片内部的使用材料为桑蚕丝,其外再髹大漆;编织结构为典型经编纂组结构;其表面可装饰红色朱砂矿物颜料。楚、汉这一类漆纱冠情况概基本如此。同时,结合以往考古材料和文献记载,可以推测漆纱冠这一形制,或起源于楚国,并沿用至汉及后世。     

生态博物馆建设中的三种关系辨析

生态博物馆是一种理念和过程,而不是一种模式和结果,它需要在冲突实践中不断发展.社区民众作为生态博物馆建设的真正主体的地位尚未完全确立、博物馆建设中的文化保护功能还没有充分体现、经济因素考量与人文关怀在建设中还存在一些不和谐的表现,这是当前中国生态博物馆建设中出现的主要矛盾.因而,唤起社区民众的文化自觉和文化自信,凸显社区民众在生态博物馆建设中的主体性地位;加强对社区文化的挖掘、整理和实时保存,对现有珍贵文化遗产的静态保护与活态传承;在生态博物馆社区旅游开发中,保存博物馆建设固有的人文价值,成为当今中国生态博物馆建设中的重中之重.