Characterizations of palace lantern tassels preserved in The Palace Museum,Beijing, by UPLC-ESI-Q-TOF

Palace lanterns were important and highly visible decorations in the imperial palace in Beijing, China, during the Qing dynasty (1636–1912). Most lanterns had colourful tassels made of fibres. The study performed a comprehensive investigation of the materials and dyes used for palace lantern tassels preserved in The Palace Museum, Beijing. Eight samples with different colours, including yellow, green and red, from five palace lanterns were analysed. By using ultra-performance liquid chromatography combined with time-of-flight mass spectrometry, the compositions of the dyes were identified quickly, and thus the dyes' origins were explored. A X-ray fluorescence spectrometer assisted in the detection of whether a mordant was used during the dyeing process. As a result, the tassels were all made of silk, discovered through the use of microscopic observation and micro-Fourier transform infrared spectrometry analysis. Different dyeing techniques were found in these tassels: yellow tassels were dyed by cork tree or turmeric by a direct dyeing method; greens were dyed by pagoda bud with an iron mordant, or by the combination of cork tree and indigo using multi-dyeing method; and red tassels were coloured with different acid red industrial dyes. These results provide valuable data for the conservation of ancient textile tassels and contribute to the investigation of other hanging tags.     

Research collaboration beyond the boundary: Evidence from university patents in China

Geographical distance constitutes friction in searching for research collaborators. Taking advantage of a quasinatural experiment featured by High-Speed Railway (HSR) lines in China, this paper employs the difference-in-differences model to identify the causal impact of a substantial improvement in the intercity transportation infrastructure on collaborative innovation across cities. The data pertain to a universe of patent applications filed by Chinese universities and their citations. We find that HSR contributes to a substantial increase in the innovation quantity and quality of collaborative patenting innovation between universities and corporates. It contributes to industry collaboration by utilizing university academic disciplines in the related technology fields. Lastly, HSR facilitates universities to search for new research partners with better quality beyond the geographical boundary.     

The Chemical Composition and Production Area of Early Western Zhou Proto‐Porcelain Unearthed from Yejiashan Cemetery,Suizhou, China

The bodies and glazes of 27 early Western Zhou proto‐porcelain samples from Yejiashan cemetery, Hubei Province, were analysed using LA‐ICP–AES, SEM, XRD, a thermal expansion instrument and other analytical methods. The results indicated that the bodies of all samples were characterized by high silicon and low aluminium, and were made with porcelain stone raw materials found in the south of China. The glazes are typical of high‐temperature calcium glazes of the CaO (MgO) – K₂O (Na₂O) – Al₂O₃ – SiO₂ series, with relatively high Mn and P content, which was probably caused by the addition of plant ashes. The physical properties and phase compositions of Yejiashan proto‐porcelain show that firing processes were still in the early stages of development in ancient China. Multivariate statistical analyses indicated that Yejiashan proto‐porcelain might have come from the Deqing area, in Zhejiang Province. These results provide new archaeological evidence for research on issues related to material flow in the Western Zhou dynasty.     

国外进口瓷器修复专用材料的应用研究

国内外瓷器修复的基本流程没有很大差异,但是西方国家生产的修复专用材料品种较丰富,值得国内修复界吸收与应用。为此,本研究着重对Hxtal NYL-1、Golden Porcelain Restoration Glaze、Golden Polymer Varnish with UVLS三款瓷器修复专用产品开展分析研究。测试结果显示,在国内外5类环氧树脂中,Hxtal NYL-1的拉伸强度最低,断裂伸长率最高。Hxtal NYL-1在波长365nm的紫外线照射78d后,其色差变化最平稳。紫外可见光谱数据显示Golden Glaze仅吸收一定的中波紫外线UVB,Golden Varnish对长波紫外线UVA和中波紫外线UVB都具有吸收能力。波长365nm紫外老化实验可证明Golden Glaze和Golden Varnish都具备较好的光稳定性。而在254nm紫外老化环境下,Golden Varnish表现出更佳的抗紫外性能。此外,围绕瓷器修复实例,对这些产品的在修复中的使用方法进行了简要梳理。     

Political Commitment,Policy Ambiguity,and Corporate Environmental Practices

A lack of clear political commitment together with confusing rules and enforcement often characterize the institutional context of policy implementation and regulatory compliance in developing countries. By connecting such contextual features to existing models of policy implementation and regulatory compliance, we examine how regulatory factors are related to basic and proactive corporate environmental management practices in the Pearl River Delta region in China. Drawing on data derived from both a survey and in‐depth interviews, we show that a perception of clear political commitment to environmental protection across multiple government levels and units is positively associated with business efforts in basic environmental practices, regardless of the specific enforcement intensity. Nevertheless, a perception of clear political commitment is not related to proactive environmental practices. Conversely, a perception of policy ambiguity, in the form of confusing regulatory standards and enforcement, is negatively associated with corporate efforts in both basic and proactive environmental practices; yet, intensive inspections mitigate these negative associations with policy ambiguity.     

基于GPS数据的北京郊区就业者工作与通勤行为特征研究——以上地信息产业园为例

城市空间快速扩张及郊区中心的崛起,带来多中心城市结构的演变及一系列城市问题。已有研究较少针对对郊区就业者的工作与通勤行为,未能全面地反映新职住“空间错位”。本文基于2012年对北京上地就业者的日常活动与出行调查数据得出以下结论：①主动郊区化的侧面通勤者体现出典型的郊区生活方式： “朝九晚六”、加班明显,生活活动空间更加广域化。②在郊区化过程中被动调整的逆通勤者职住距离最长、依赖公共交通通勤、“早出晚归”、错峰出行、生活活动空间呈现以家和工作地为主的“两极化”特征。③郊区中心内部相对职住接近的就地通勤者,在享受工作与通勤便利性（如职住接近、“晚出早归”）的同时活动空间高度隔离集中在郊区中心。     

国家权力、企业家精神与企业经营——以通用机器有限公司(1946~1949)为例

通用机器有限公司是国民政府资源委员会在抗战胜利后创办于上海的国有机械制造企业。资源委员会委派私营企业家马雄冠作为公司负责人,并肯定了马雄冠的"纯商业化"经营路线,使公司能边基建边投产运营,缓解了资金压力,在恶劣的局势下取得较好的成绩。尽管马雄冠为公司注入了企业家精神,但公司的销路问题有赖于资源委员会的重工业建设,其技术引进也由资源委员会负担了大笔先期资金,因此,该公司的成功是良好政企关系的产物。     

山东省近代外来建筑遗产的历史蕴意

近20年来众多外来建筑遗产被公布为全国重点文物保护单位,山东省也有青岛、烟台、济南等地十多处外来建筑进入了全国重点文物保护单位范围。外来建筑遗产有着丰富的历史蕴意,以山东省为例,它能反映近代山东的开放过程和程度、中外文化交流程度和近代山东复杂的矛盾斗争历史。这些历史蕴意启示着对外来建筑遗产的保护有重要的意义,也昭示着做好历史阐释的重要性,也要求我们对外来建筑遗产的展示要对历史有足够的重视。     

从《牡丹亭》看女性教育

《牡丹亭》是汤显祖"至情论"在"临川四梦"中最集中的体现,其中女主角杜丽娘堪称"至情论"最佳诠释者。一部经典剧作的内涵往往不是单一的,作者在《牡丹亭》中除了建构"情教论",反科举外,还有对女性教育的思考。《闺塾》一出极为精彩,其中塾师陈最良、女学生杜丽娘及其伴读春香一同演绎了明末私塾教育的一个场景。通过《闺塾》以及相关剧情的解读,可以反观晚明社会女性教育的林林总总。如:教材的选用,教学内容的拟定,教育方法的采用,教育环节的把握等,这些均直接影响教学效果的实现,教学目标的达成,这有助于我们了解那个时代女性教育的情状,对当下的女性教育亦不无启迪意义。     

广西革新桥遗址出土的石拍研究

革新桥遗址是一处新石器时代石器制造场遗址。2002年10月至2003年1月发掘,出土数以万计的石制品,还发现两座墓葬。年代为距今6000-5500年前。本文对该遗址中出土的一件石拍进行观察,并就其制作工艺及功能和用途进行探讨。