NATO's Triple Challenge

NATO's future is again the subject of speculation and debate despite its having fought a recent and apparently successful war in Kosovo. This article proposes that there are three aspects to this challenge. First, NATO is facing a series of dilemmas in its relations with non‐members: how should it manage relations with Russia, and with the applicants for membership? The authors argue that NATO should seek to develop a consolidationist posture. The second challenge is that of developing an EU–NATO partnership in the light of the Helsinki Headline Goals. This, it is proposed, can be developed through a division of labour. The third task, that of military restructuring, is overshadowed by the complexities of processing a working European military structure. In conclusion, the authors suggest that a strategy for the alliance, a key component of the Cold War, but subsequently lost, can be refashioned from the above elements.     

Conservation charity land ownership in Scotland

Land ownership in Scotland has been the subject of increasing public debate. This paper traces the establishment of the conservation land ownership movement in Scotland from 1931. Charitable donations influence and affect the ability of voluntary bodies to acquire land. Voluntary ownership increased dramatically from the 1960s and the growth in outdoor recreation focused attention on the way mountain estates are managed by charities. Public bodies are instrumental in providing funding and influencing government support for land acquisition. The National Lottery, for example, affects greatly the ability of charities to acquire land. New charities have been formed with a specific focus on trees and wild land but conservation charities have been criticised for aspects of their land management. These charities continue to attract funding from people with a deep belief that their activities are for the benefit of the people of Scotland.     

Guaranteeing Europe’s security? Enlarging NATO again

At the end of 2002, NATO will again decide to enlarge its membership. This process of enlargement of the Alliance is driven by summit timetables; summits require commitments and grand gestures, and in Prague that could involve invitations to seven or more states to accede to the Washington Treaty. But there are three sets of issues into which this plays uncomfortably. First, there is an EU‐NATO and EU security agenda (also including enlargement) which is a significant and difficult set of issues. Second, NATO itself is undergoing change, particularly after the attacks of 11 September 2001 and enlargement complicates those reform processes. Third, the wide European agenda, and in particular relations with Russia, throw out complicating factors. Is there a way of managing all of these dilemmas?     

Book Reviews

The Cinema of Eisenstein. By David Bordwell (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1993) xvii + 316 pp. $65.00 doth $29.95 paper.

On the Edge of Anarchy: Locke, Consent and the Limits of Society. By A. John Simmons (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1993) ix + 293 pp. n.p.g.

Defining Science: William Whewell, Natural Knowledge, and Public Debate in Early Victorian Britain. By Richard Yeo (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993) xii + 280 pp. $54.95 cloth.

Racist Culture: Philosophy and the Philosophy of Meaning. By D. T. Goldberg (Oxford and Cambridge, Mass.: Blackwell, 1993) 313 pp. n.p.g.

The Roots of Liberty: Magna Carta, Ancient Constitution, and the Anglo‐American Tradition of Rule of Law. Edited and with an introduction by Ellis Sandoz (Columbia and London: University of Missouri Press, 1993) 335 pp. £35.00

Refaire la République: André Tardieu, une dérive réactionaire (1876–1945). By François Monnet (Paris: Fayard, 1993) 638 pp. FF190 paper.

Ethics With Aristotle. By Sarah Broadie (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1993) xiii + 462 pp. £17.95 paper.

Wittgenstein: Rethinking the Inner. By Paul Johnston (London: Routledge, 1993) x + 253 pp. n.p.g.

History after Lacan. By Teresa Brennan (London and New York: Routledge, 1993) xvi + 239 pp. £10.99 paper.

Gendered Community: Rousseau, Sex, and Politics. By Penny A. Weiss (New York: New York University Press, 1993) 250 pps. $40.00 cloth.

Subverting Scotland's Past: Scottish Whig Historians and the Creation of an Anglo‐British Identity, 1689‐c. 1830. By Colin Kidd (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993) 322 + xiii pp. £35.00 $64.95 cloth.

The American Research University. In Daedalus, Journal of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. 122:4 (Fall 1993) 252 pp. $7.95.

Hebrew and the Bible in America: The First Two Centuries. Edited by Shalom Goldman (Brandeis University Press and Dartmouth College: University Press of New England, 1993) xxx + 259 pp. n.p.g.

The Shaping of the Elizabethan Regime: Elizabethan Politics, 1558–1572. By Wallace T. MacCaffrey (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1968, reprinted 1993) xiv + 501 pp. paper, n.p.g.

Reality, Representation and Projection. Edited by John Haldane and Crispin Wright (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1993) xii + 404 pp. cloth, n.p.g.

Von der Theologie der Befreiung zur Philosophie der Freiheit: Hegel und die Religion. By Wolfgang Bialas (Freiburg: Universitätsverlag, 1993 168 pp.

A Normative Approach to War: Peace, War and Justice in Hugo Grotius. Edited by Yasuaki Onuma (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1993) xvii + 421 pp. £45.00.

Heidegger im Kontext. Gesamtüberblick zum NS‐Engagement der Universitätsphilosophen. By George Leaman (Hamburg: Argument, 1993) 160 pp. DM 15.50 paper.

Two Texts on Human Nature. By Francis Hutcheson, edited by Thomas Mautner (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993) pp., 194 + xiv £30.00 cloth.

From Freud's Consulting Room: The Unconscious in a Scientific Age. By Judith M. Hughes (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1994) 235 pp. $27.95 cloth.

Marketing Modernism in Fin‐de‐Siècle Europe. By Robert Jensen (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1994) vii + 367 pp. $29.95/£19.95 cloth.

Social Bodies: Science, Reproduction, and Italian Modernity. By David G. Horn (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1994) 189 pp. £37.50/ $14.95 cloth £11.95/paper.

Phantoms of Remembrance: Memory and Oblivion at the End of the First Millennium. By Patrick J. Geary (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1994) xiv + 248 pp. $29.95 cloth.

History Continues. By Georges Duby, trans, by Arthur Goldhammer, with a forward by John W. Boldwin (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1994) £19.95/$28.75 H.B.

Imagination and Depth in Kant's Critique of Pure Reason . By Bernard D. Freydberg (New York: Peter Lang, 1994) 123 pp. $37.95 cloth.

Jewish Life in Renaissance Italy. By Robert Bonfil, trans, by Anthony Oldcorn (Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1994) xiii + 230 pp. $30.00 cloth.

Scenarios of Power: Myth and Ceremony in Russian Monarchy. By Richard S. Wortman, vol. 1 (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1994) xiii + 469 pp. $49.50, £35.00 cloth.

Essays on Architecture, 1796–1799. By Friedrich Gilly, introduction by Neumeyer, trans. by David Britt (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1994) 228 pp. $39.95 cloth $24.95 paper.

Désordres du jeu. Poétiques ludiques, Recherches et rencontres. By Publications de la Faculté des lettres de Genève, vol. 6. Edited by Jacques Berchtold, Christopher Lucken, and Stefan Schoettke (Geneva: Droz, 1994) 260 pp.

The Elect Nation: The Savonarolan Movement in Florence 1494–1545. By Lorenzo Polizzotto (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1994) 488 pp. £50.00 cloth.

Ramon Llull ou . . . les premiers jalons d'une Europe tolérante. By Gabriel Fragnière (Brussels: Presses Interuniversitaires Européennes, 1994) 92 pp. n.p.g.

Arts of Impoverishment: Beckett, Rothko, Resnais. By Leo Bersani and Ulysse Dutoit (Cambridge and London: Harvard University Press, 1993 & 1994) 229 pp. $37.50 cloth $18.95 paper.

Invisible Leviathan: The Marxist Critique of Market Despotism beyond Postmodernism. By Murray E. G. Smith (Toronto: Toronto University Press, 1994) 272 pp. $55.00/£36.00 cloth $24.95/ £16.00 paper.

An Economic History of Medieval Europe. By Norman J. G. Pounds, 2nd ed. (London and New York: Longman House, 1994) xvi + 536 pp. $29.95/£16.99 paper.

Locke's Philosophy: Content and Context. Edited by G. A. J. Rogers (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1994) 257 pp. £30.00 cloth.

The Culture of the English People, Iron Age to the Industrial Revolution. By N. J. G. Pounds (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994) xviii + 477 pp. $69.95/£50.00 cloth $22.95/£17.95 paper.

Romance and Revolution: Shelley and the Politics of a Genre. By David Duff (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994) xii + 276 pp. £35.00/$54.95 cloth.

Empire of Words: The Reign of the OED. By John Willinsky (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1994) ix + 258 pp. $22.95 cloth.

Self‐Motion: From Aristotle to Newton. By Mary Louise Gill and James G. Lennox (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1994) xxi + 367 pp. $45.00/£36.50 cloth.

Honor. By Frank Henderson Stewart (Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press, 1994) xiii + 175 pp. £9.50/$ 13.75 cloth.

Conflict and Cohesion in Western European Social Democratic Parties. Edited by David S. Bell and Eric Shaw (London: Pinter Publishers, 1994) 202 pp. $49.00 cloth.

Communism: The Vanished Specter. By Richard Pipes (Oslo: Scandinavian University Press; Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1994) 84 pp. £14.50.

The Promise of Pragmatism: Modernism and the Crisis of Knowledge and Authority. By John Patrick Diggins (Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press, 1994) 515 pp. £23.95/$29.95 cloth.

Through a Speculum That Shines: Vision and Imagination in Medieval Jewish Mysticism. By Elliot R. Wolfson (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1995) 452 pp. $49.50.

Scientific Racism in Modern South Africa. By Saul Dubow (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995) xxi + 320 pp. £40.00/$64.95 cloth £15.95/$21.95 paper.

The Barbed‐Wire College: Reeducating German POWs in the United States During World War II. By Ron Robin (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1995) x + 217 pp. $29.95

Soldier Heroes, British Adventure, Empire, and the Imagining of Masculinity. By Graham Dawson (London: Routledge, 1995) 290 pp. £14.95 paper.

Strange Dislocations: Childhood and the Idea of Human Interiority, 1780–1930. By Carolyn Steedman (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1995) xi + 254 pp. $29.95.

Translating the Enlightenment: Scottish Civic Discourse in Eighteenth‐Century Germany. By Fania Oz‐Salzberger (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1995) ix + 356 pp. £35.00.

The Diffident Naturalist: Robert Boyle and the Philosophy of Experiment. By Rose‐Mary Sargent (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1995) 335 pp. $65.00/£51.95 cloth $26.00/£20.75 paper.

La Modernité By Alexis Nouss, (Paris: PUF, 1995) 128 pp. paper, n.p.g.     

‘One in,all in?’ NATO’s next enlargement

In 1999 NATO heads of state invited three states to join the alliance and are set to invite yet more states to join in November 2002 at the Prague summit. At present there are ten states that have declared their interest in gaining accession to NATO councils, and the prospect is that even more states will most likely be interested in joining in the years to come. The question for NATO is no longer whether to enlarge but how to manage enlargement. This article argues that NATO should invite seven of the ten currently declared aspirant states to join the alliance, on the condition that before actual accession occurs, each state must subsequently meet political, military, economic, security and legal standards that are set forth in an annexe to the official invitation. Furthermore, NATO should determine to hold a summit meeting of the North Atlantic Council triennially, for the purpose of assessing the candidates' membership progress in meeting the criteria, and to this end establish a mechanism, in the form of identified bodies, for the assessment of the candidate members' progress. Such a formal process sets forth a graduated yet assured process that aspirant states must progress through that will result in guaranteed accession to NATO councils and protection. A formal process such as this will ameliorate many of the problems that will almost surely arise from proceeding in a more ad hoc, piecemeal manner, while at the same time keeping the door open to other states who may want to join in the future.