敦煌莫高窟第257窟壁画《鹿王本生》释读

本文从解释"鹿王本生"的内涵着墨,着重考察莫高窟第257窟北魏壁画<鹿王本生>这则故事画的艺术特点,通过分析相关研究成果,力求对此画构图、山水等重要问题做出新的解读.即画工匠人在创作过程中遵循佛教艺术"象征主义"的同时,不断加入个人的理解和想象,时代生活与审美情趣渗透其中,使得外来佛教艺术逐渐地形成印度、边疆、汉地等多种因素有机结合的中国化佛教艺术特征.     

Patriotic thoughts or intuition: roles of women in Mexican nationalisms*

ABSTRACT. This article presents a methodological exercise for the study of women in the nationalisms implied in the making of the Mexican nation. Bearing in mind the body of literature produced from an historical perspective, we have identified three types of nationalisms: the wars of independence, the nation‐building process and the multicultural nation. After discussing each type, the strategy proposed would apply the typology of women's roles and intersections of nationalism (Nira Yuval‐Davis and Floya Anthias). Such combined typologies allow us to identify the multiple interactions of women and the nation. We have empirically recourse to two characterisations of women: as heroines, and as intellectual creators of the nation. By looking at the role played by these female characters we observe how nationalism interacts with the current of ideas, thoughts or intuitions held by women.     

常见丙烯酸酯乳液加固脆弱考古出土漆膜的实验室研究

以常用的丙烯酸酯乳液AC33、B60A、MC76、SF016作为脆弱考古出土漆膜的加固剂,利用静态热机械分析仪微损、精确的特点,对加固前后漆膜的弯曲强度进行测试。根据漆膜应力应变的提升程度,对4种加固剂的保护效果进行量化评价。结合扫描电镜观察漆膜表面和剖面加固前后的孔洞、裂隙填充情况以及加固剂成膜状态,揭示其加固特点。结果发现,加固后漆膜的应力提高了56%～3 511%,应变提高了103%～3 876%,其中质量分数为20%的AC33增强效果最好,20%的B60A增韧效果最好,MC76和SF016加固效果相对较差。20%是4种加固剂的最佳使用质量浓度,此时漆膜孔洞和裂隙被完全填充,加固剂在漆膜表面形成连续的薄膜且不过量堆积。本研究将静态热机械分析仪用于极端脆弱考古出土漆膜的残余力学强度测试和加固剂保护效果的量化评估,探讨4种典型丙烯酸酯乳液对漆膜机械强度提升的规律特征,获得了较好的结果,将为考古出土糟朽漆器保护修复遴选加固剂提供科学参考。