20世纪七八十年代引滦工程决策历程

水资源短缺一直制约着京津唐地区经济和社会的发展。20世纪70年代,因缺水引发的经济、社会问题逐渐凸显,促使中央和地方政府开始考虑实施跨流域调水工程。引滦工程作为北方最大的跨流域调水工程,其决策经历了曲折的过程。1958年,北京和唐山曾分别提出引滦河水的设想,唐山还实施了引滦入还和引还入陡工程。1972年,海河流域大旱促使中央做出加快实施引滦工程的决定,但由于地质情况复杂等原因,引滦工程设计方案被反复修改。1981年,天津提出了单独引滦济津路线并得到了中央的支持。引滦工程对缓解京津唐用水紧张发挥了重要作用,天津是引滦工程受益最大的地区。     

兵团文化研究综述

兵团文化是兵团人在屯垦戍边的过程中所创造的独具特色的文化,具有巨大的感召力和凝聚力,对于传播中华文化、吸收各民族的优秀文化、维稳固边、促进兵团和谐社会的构建都发挥了重大的作用。目前,学术界对于兵团文化研究的成果颇丰,本文从兵团文化的内涵、内容、特征、作用以及如何发展兵团文化着手,对以往的研究成果进行梳理。     

传统书画装裱修复技艺多元价值及其体系构建探究——基于"苏裱"传承人访谈的思考

价值多元化是中国传统书画装裱修复技艺重要的特征之一.当前书画装裱修复从业者对技艺价值认知程度不均,价值认知现状不能与多元价值共存的现实相匹配.基于非物质文化遗产保护与传承的视角,书画装裱修复从业者应从理念上重新树立多元价值观、方法上加强现代科技手段的有效介入、理念上重视传承人整体情况的深入探求、行动上加快技艺科学化研究进程等几个方面来全面构建技艺多元价值体系.     

试论舟形灶

汉晋墓出土的舟形陶灶分布较广,以淮河及长江下游的江浙皖赣地区为中心,广泛见于北至鲁南,西到湘鄂西部,东南至海的广大区域.其延续时间较长,有些类型一直沿用到宋代.各种类型的舟形灶均有特定的分布区域,随着时代的推移,逐渐向外传播,其中最为典型的B型和C型舟形灶,南移趋势明显,这与历史上的人口南迁有较大关系;而具有岭南文化因素的D型灶则向附近的江西和福建扩散.江淮之间的苏皖地区出现了A型、B型和C型舟形灶的较早类型,不排除这里是舟形灶发源地的可能.     

从敬神恤民到敛财虐民——解说明代的新官到任

明初,朱元璋御制《到任须知》,为到任新官提供指南.随后,明廷又将新官到任、复任加以礼制化,包括城外斋戒、入城谒神、望阙谢恩、僚属参见、宴飨父老等环节,旨在敬神恤民.国家层面的礼仪下贯到地方社会后,遭遇世俗化的革易,诸如缩短斋期、铺设银器、聚众看戏等,并由于私人权力的腐蚀而变形,以至于国家礼制的规定沦为敛财虐民的工具.     

汉代漆器的剖析

通过制备并分析一系列模拟漆膜样品。建立了有助于鉴定汉代漆器成分的剖析方法。经裂解气相色谱、差热分析、色谱一红外联用等现代分析技术对出土的汉代漆器残片样品的综合分析,证实在西汉漆器制造中已使用桐油或其它的添加剂,并依据剖析的结果,对某些汉代漆器的原材料差异作了初步探讨。     

The Chemical Composition and Production Area of Early Western Zhou Proto‐Porcelain Unearthed from Yejiashan Cemetery,Suizhou, China

The bodies and glazes of 27 early Western Zhou proto‐porcelain samples from Yejiashan cemetery, Hubei Province, were analysed using LA‐ICP–AES, SEM, XRD, a thermal expansion instrument and other analytical methods. The results indicated that the bodies of all samples were characterized by high silicon and low aluminium, and were made with porcelain stone raw materials found in the south of China. The glazes are typical of high‐temperature calcium glazes of the CaO (MgO) – K₂O (Na₂O) – Al₂O₃ – SiO₂ series, with relatively high Mn and P content, which was probably caused by the addition of plant ashes. The physical properties and phase compositions of Yejiashan proto‐porcelain show that firing processes were still in the early stages of development in ancient China. Multivariate statistical analyses indicated that Yejiashan proto‐porcelain might have come from the Deqing area, in Zhejiang Province. These results provide new archaeological evidence for research on issues related to material flow in the Western Zhou dynasty.     

An Approach to the Diagnosis of Craniofacial Fibrous Dysplasia from the 2500‐Year‐Old Remains of a Skull from Ancient China

A human skull, buried about 2500 years ago in a Bronze Age cemetery at Jinggouzi, a site of an important ethnic group in ancient China, appeared to have characteristics of fibrous dysplasia. The CT images indicated a reduction in bone density and relatively homogeneous lesions. More features were revealed using CT reconstruction techniques. Lesions seen in low‐magnification images using a 3D deep‐field microscope had an irregular honeycomb‐like structure. At higher magnification, the trabeculae morphology and the gaps between the trabeculae were irregular and varied in size and shape. Paraffin‐embedded specimens stained with HE showed trabeculae with tortuous irregular arrangements varying in shape and width. The irregular trabeculae of woven bone has been described as having fibrous dysplasia. Molecular analysis of the GNAS gene indicated no mutation. This provides a non‐invasive approach for us to make more comprehensive diagnoses and to assist research into ancient human diseases.     

基于手机信令数据的长春市活动空间特征与社区分异研究

居民时空行为成为透视城市空间的重要视角,本文基于手机信令数据研究长春市活动空间及其社区分异,轮廓性的揭示居住空间、就业空间和消费休闲空间的分布规律,从人地互动的过程与格局的视角认识城市空间。研究发现,居住活动对中心城区依赖明显高于就业和消费休闲活动,就业活动呈现多中心连片发展格局,近郊的欧亚卖场和郊区的净月潭成为人们消费休闲活动的重要选择。就业-居住距离和消费休闲-居住距离的社区分异显著,折射出三类活动空间关系复杂,由此感知城市生活空间质量和社会空间结构。通过对社区分异的空间聚类分析明晰各地域自身问题,从而有针对性的对长春的空间调整优化和居民行为引导提出建议,构建和谐宜居的城市空间。