The Shuidonggou site complex: new excavations and implications for the earliest Late Paleolithic in North China

The initial Late Paleolithic, said to appear between 40 and 30 kya in eastern Asia, is defined by the appearance of many innovations. These archaeological indicators include the appearance of more refined stone tool making techniques (e.g., include the appearance of blade and microblade technology), complex hearth construction, use of pigments and personal ornamentation, as well as worked faunal implements such as bone and antler tools. We report here new findings from a multidisciplinary research project conducted at the Shuidonggou (Choei-tong-keou) site complex in northern China, a series of localities that date from the initial Late Paleolithic to the Neolithic.     

Craniofacial variation between southern and northern Neolithic and Modern Chinese

Previous studies propose that the Yangtze River is the geographic boundary separating northern and southern Chinese populations. In order to test this hypothesis, 19 Neolithic and 15 Modern human cranial samples from north of the Qinling Mountain Range, south of the Yangtze River and in between were chosen for morphometric analysis. Our results indicate that cranial variation exists in Holocene Neolithic and Modern northern and southern Chinese. In the Neolithic sample, the northern Chinese crania are characterised by greater upper face height and orbit height, while the southern Chinese skulls are depicted by a wider nose. The morphology of the crania between the Qinling Mountain range and the Yangtze River feature a mosaic of characters that suggest affiliation with both north and south groups. In the Modern day sample, northern crania are characterised by a broad and wide face, and a tall nose. From the Neolithic to Modern day, a series of microevolutionary processes that apply to both the northern and southern samples can be discerned. Overall, the head gets lower, the face and nose become narrower and the orbits tend to be narrower and higher. Our results support the suggestion that the Qinling Mountain Range and the Yangtze River represent a natural barrier to the movement of Chinese populations. Climatic variation and the transition to an agricultural lifestyle are proposed as the primary factors influencing human craniofacial morphologies. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

汪伪政权与"大亚洲主义"

汪精卫与其追随集团为确保其自身在政治上的合理性,为建立其思想理论基础而极力利用孙中山的大亚洲主义,并将之作为其宣扬“中日和平”的根据,汪伪政权为进行对民宣传而主导发行了《大亚洲主义》、《东亚联盟月刊》、《大亚洲主义与东亚联盟》及《大东亚月刊》等杂志,从分析这四种杂志内容的结果,我们可以知道汪精卫及其追随者们利用孙中山提出的大亚洲主义,作为使其“和平建国论”得以合理化的手段,并错误地将三民主义的民族主义与“大亚洲主义”等同起来,进而,连这种被歪曲的“大亚洲主义”也逐渐被日本侵略亚洲的理论,即所谓的“东亚联盟论”、“大东亚共荣圈论”所吸收,汪伪政权最终成为其代言人。