国家图书馆藏甲骨新缀

国家图书馆藏甲骨共有35651片,是目前我国乃至世界上收藏甲骨最多的单位,对这批甲骨进行整理包括很多方面的工作。本文对国家图书馆所藏甲骨碎片进行复原,并在此基础上进行相关问题的讨论:包括"告日"的问题,以及"■"字的释读问题。     

桂平博物馆馆藏东汉双耳铜甑铸造工艺及其保护修复研究

广西桂平博物馆藏东汉铜甑对于研究广西地区青铜器冶铸技术的发展具有重要的研究价值。但器物长期保存于潮湿环境中,矿化严重、保存状况较差,亟须保护修复。本研究应用X射线影像观察、金相显微镜、扫描电镜及能谱分析、模拟实验验证等方法研究了器物的铸造工艺、合金成分以及锈蚀产物成分。结果表明该器物为整体铸造成形,器物铸造时使用了轮制技术、刮板造型工艺以及铸后刻纹的工艺,箅部范块制作过程是用器身模翻制器身范后脱模,将器身模的圈足部分切下,然后在圈足泥模上刻出箅部型腔。在此基础上,遵循最低限度干预原则,力求将传统的文物修复手段与现代修复理念相结合,通过除锈、修补等保护修复措施后,不但提高了器物的整体稳定性,而且达到了可以展陈,发掘文物潜在价值的要求。     

史家三巨擘 同门而异彩——傅斯年、范文澜、金毓黻的交往及学术人生论析

傅斯年、范文澜、金毓黻都是出身于北京大学国文门的著名史学家,都曾师从黄侃,得到黄侃的赞赏。但他们从北大毕业后,与黄侃关系亲疏不一。金毓黻与黄侃关系最笃,范文澜次之,傅斯年最淡。傅斯年、范文澜都有明确的政治立场,代表了史学发展之两翼,且在各自的学术机关居于领导地位。金毓黻与他们二人均有交往,对其学术亦有自己的评论,治学能谨守绳尺,本师说以为学,依违于二人之间。但国学功底深厚,重视民族气节以及对民族文化抱有深厚的情感,是他们立身行事以及学术著述的共同特点,反映了早年共同的师承对其学术的深层影响。     

贵州遵义杨粲墓出土地券的年代与性质

本文联系有关实物遗存和考古发现,提出贵州遵义南宋杨粲夫妇合葬墓附近所出石券,其年代并非南宋嘉定十七年(1224年),而是明世宗嘉靖二年(1524年);券石四周所刻用波浪形曲线相连之圆点,并非与天文星相有关之"星纹",而是川渝黔鄂地区宋元明墓葬较为流行之河图;该券并非生墓券,而是葬墓券;券主并非南宋杨粲夫人,而是明代嘉靖初年播州杨氏第二十七世土司杨斌之妻,生前因其丈夫身居三品之高位而被诰封为"淑人",死后皇帝遣官"谕祭旌表"。     

Pray the gay away: identity conflict between Christianity and sexuality in Hong Kong sexual minorities

Recognition and respect for sexual minorities in Hong Kong is still a contested area. Public sexual identity politics in Hong Kong has been framed by traditional Chinese gender ideology and imported Christian beliefs which are profoundly negative. Focusing on the interpersonal relationships in three spheres of life, the research adopted the sociological perspective of personal life and the feminist geographers’ idea of spatialization of identity management to analyze how the sexual self of sexual minorities has been marginalized and excluded in intimate social spaces of family, church communities and schools in Hong Kong with specific spatial practices and different forms of power/knowledge. By examining overlooked intimate injustice in personal life, this study illustrates that identity conflicts between Christianity and non-heterosexuality in everyday life is constructed through misrepresentation, misrecognition, harassment and exclusion in intimate relationships. Different types of knowledge are being used to reiterate pre-existing norms and institutionalized patterns of cultural value that constitute the sexual minorities as comparatively unworthy of respect. These micro-political processes involve both conformity and resistance to gender and sexual stereotypes. Participants managed to develop spatial coping strategies such as concealment, compartmentalization, confrontation and alternative sources of support to manage their lives with dignity and self-esteem.     

Study on the lithology of stone chimes (stone musical instruments in ancient China) and Lingbi stone

The oldest extant musical instruments in the world are stone chimes. This music was created by the ‘eight tones’ that could be produced by these ‘stone’ voices. Although many of these stone chimes have been unearthed from sites predating the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period in China, their discussion in archaeological reports is usually not very thorough. In this paper, the ancient and modern samples are analysed from the point of view of lithology. The aim is to explore how the ancients chose to make these stones, and to check that the type of stone from which these ancient Chinese stone chimes are made is actually those recorded in previous studies. The results show that most of the ancient stone chimes in China are made of limestone. These chimes required a material with a single, homogeneous and compact mineral composition. Lingbi chimes (a kind of ‘lithophone’ produced in Lingbi county, China, are pure in composition and have a fine microcrystalline structure, which is the best choice for making stone chimes. This paper makes a systematic study of the lithology of Chinese stone chimes. The results supplement a significant lacuna in the study of ‘lithophone’ and ancient stone instruments both in China and on a more global scale.     

Influence of Taoism on the invention of the purple pigment used on the Qin terracotta warriors

Until the 19th century, most pigments were based on naturally occurring colored minerals and dyes, with three significant exceptions: Egyptian Blue, Chinese Blue/Purple and Maya Blue. The former two are alkaline-earth copper silicates, and because of this similarity it has been proposed that the Chinese pigments were derived from Egyptian Blue. Herein, we analyzed clumps of pigment from the Qin warriors and discovered that in spite of the structural similarity to Egyptian Blue, the micro-structural morphology of Chinese Purple is very different. Therefore, we believe that the synthesis technology for the Chinese pigments was a by-product of high-refractive index glasses (artificial jades) produced by Taoist monks. Further, the disappearance of these pigments from Chinese art and monuments concurrently with the decline of Taoism not only substantiates the link between the two, but also gives a striking example of how cultural changes in the society affected the scientific developments in ancient China.     

从“公推”到“票举”：近代天津商会职员推选制度的曲折演进

近代中国具有现代意义的投票选举制度虽然率先在清末的民间工商社团商会中实行,但各地商会的具体实施过程却并非同步进行。上海、苏州等商会正式成立后即开始制订并实行这一制度,天津商会则在清末坚持采用"公推"的方式推举总理、协理和会董,没有真正实施"票举"。到民国初期,天津商会依然认为"公推"优于"票举",直至明定商会必须实行投票选举制度的《商会法》公布之后,天津商会还希望政府"准予特殊办法,仍行公推"。但实施"票举"在当时已是大势所趋,1918年天津商会也在章程中拟订了投票选举制度,并由此进入"票举"会长和会董的新时期。自清末至民国时期天津商会从"公推"到"票举"的曲折演进历程,说明在选举制度的建设中,天津商会的领导人在思想认识和实践操作两个方面都偏向于保守,不仅自身缺乏创造性的举措,而且很少主动借鉴和学习其他商会已有的投票选举制度,这种现象也表明了清末民初各地商会对现代投票选举制度的认识并不完全一致。     

对西藏清代藏银铸币衡制与成色的疑问

衡制、平色是研究金属货币的基础和重要组成部分。关于清代西藏银币是否采用统一的货币计量衡制与平色说法不一。一说清代两藏地方政府铸造银币衡制均为中央库平,“两藏钱币自始至终所使用的衡制,与中央完全一致”。