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Tomohito Nagaoka Yoshinori Kawakubo Kazuaki Hirata 《International Journal of Osteoarchaeology》2012,22(4):409-422
This study examined the craniometric traits of the Edo‐period (AD1603–1867) human skeletons from the Hitotsubashi site in Tokyo, compared them with temporally and socially various populations, and attempted to detect the morphological differentiation patterns that the Edo‐period Japanese exhibited over time and under those social/environmental conditions. The materials measured here were the townsmen's crania from the Hitotsubashi site, which were dated back to the early half of the Edo period. The observations revealed that the Hitotsubashi samples were more dolichocephalic than any other Edo series and were different from subsequent Edo series in terms of larger maximum cranial length and smaller maximum cranial breadth. The Hitotsubashi samples were definitely in contrast with those of Tentokuji and Shirogane, both of which included a samurai (warrior) class of the late to final Edo period and exhibited the most brachycephalic crania. It is reasonable to assume that the temporal and social situations were possibly related to the observed cranial variation and that the temporal changes in cranial dimensions in pre‐modern Japan might have reflected the nutritional and environmental conditions. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Hiroo Nasu Hai-Bin Gu Arata Momohara Yoshinori Yasuda 《Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences》2012,4(1):1-14
Archaeobotanical analysis of moat sediments from the Neolithic site of Chengtoushan, Hunan, China, provides evidence of the
land-use change for rice and foxtail millet cultivation around the site. Rice constantly appeared through the three phases
of Daxi culture with high percentages, while accompanying wetland species of paddy field weeds gradually decreased. In contrast,
foxtail millet increased together with upland field and ruderal weeds through the time. These changes suggest that foxtail
millet cultivation was established with the expansion of dry farming in region of the site, while rice cultivation was continuously
practiced on the alluvial plain surrounding the site. This diversification of land-use through the addition of foxtail millet
cultivation may be attributed to population increase or as a buffer to natural disasters such as flooding. In addition, gathering
of wild nuts and fruits continued alongside cultivation. These multiple strategies for food procurement provided sustainable
food supply for the population of Chengtoushan for 1,800 years. 相似文献
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