《歙事闲谭》述评

一、<歙事闲谭>的作者 <歙事闲谭>,稿本,三十一卷,许承尧撰.原藏歙县唐模许氏旧宅中,土改后移安徽省博物馆.     

古代斯巴达的公民大会

公民大会是古代斯巴达重要的权力机构。在不同的历史时段,公民大会所拥有的权力与地位并不完全一样。大体上,斯巴达国家建立伊始,斯巴达公民大会已经产生。但直到公元前7世纪初,它一直是贵族统治的装饰物。在这之后,公民大会在斯巴达政治生活中发挥了重要作用。它与监察官一道构成古典时期斯巴达立法机制的核心,使得斯巴达政制成为特殊的民主政治。自公元前4世纪初,斯巴达公民大会逐步失去了政治意义,至公元前3世纪,完全退出了斯巴达政治舞台。     

新见《增补儒林外史眉评》考论

笔者新近发现的清末文人童叶庚《增补儒林外史眉评》,是学界未曾注意的《儒林外史》新评本。童评为抄本,仅有评语,无正文,以齐省堂增订本《儒林外史》为底本,逐页点评了原书的前二十三回半,计有六万五千馀字。童评批语精湛,对《儒林外史》的艺术特质阐发得尤为细腻深刻;着力发掘作者的用笔相犯之妙,能从细笔中阐发作者的意蕴;关注叙事方法与叙事视角,善于从细微处体察世态人心,长于从无文字处见世情;语言风格或庄或谐,与小说风格随处匹配,更熔铸着评者强烈的个人意志。     

国家图书馆藏甲骨新缀

国家图书馆藏甲骨共有35651片,是目前我国乃至世界上收藏甲骨最多的单位,对这批甲骨进行整理包括很多方面的工作。本文对国家图书馆所藏甲骨碎片进行复原,并在此基础上进行相关问题的讨论:包括"告日"的问题,以及"■"字的释读问题。     

An Approach to the Diagnosis of Craniofacial Fibrous Dysplasia from the 2500‐Year‐Old Remains of a Skull from Ancient China

A human skull, buried about 2500 years ago in a Bronze Age cemetery at Jinggouzi, a site of an important ethnic group in ancient China, appeared to have characteristics of fibrous dysplasia. The CT images indicated a reduction in bone density and relatively homogeneous lesions. More features were revealed using CT reconstruction techniques. Lesions seen in low‐magnification images using a 3D deep‐field microscope had an irregular honeycomb‐like structure. At higher magnification, the trabeculae morphology and the gaps between the trabeculae were irregular and varied in size and shape. Paraffin‐embedded specimens stained with HE showed trabeculae with tortuous irregular arrangements varying in shape and width. The irregular trabeculae of woven bone has been described as having fibrous dysplasia. Molecular analysis of the GNAS gene indicated no mutation. This provides a non‐invasive approach for us to make more comprehensive diagnoses and to assist research into ancient human diseases.     

桂平博物馆馆藏东汉双耳铜甑铸造工艺及其保护修复研究

广西桂平博物馆藏东汉铜甑对于研究广西地区青铜器冶铸技术的发展具有重要的研究价值。但器物长期保存于潮湿环境中,矿化严重、保存状况较差,亟须保护修复。本研究应用X射线影像观察、金相显微镜、扫描电镜及能谱分析、模拟实验验证等方法研究了器物的铸造工艺、合金成分以及锈蚀产物成分。结果表明该器物为整体铸造成形,器物铸造时使用了轮制技术、刮板造型工艺以及铸后刻纹的工艺,箅部范块制作过程是用器身模翻制器身范后脱模,将器身模的圈足部分切下,然后在圈足泥模上刻出箅部型腔。在此基础上,遵循最低限度干预原则,力求将传统的文物修复手段与现代修复理念相结合,通过除锈、修补等保护修复措施后,不但提高了器物的整体稳定性,而且达到了可以展陈,发掘文物潜在价值的要求。     

A new antiarch placoderm from the Emsian (Early Devonian) of Wuding,Yunnan, China

Pan, Z., Zhu, M., Zhu, Y. &; Jia, L., August 2017. A new antiarch placoderm from the Emsian (Early Devonian) of Wuding, Yunnan, China. Alcheringa 42, 10–21. ISSN 0311-5518.

Wufengshania magniforaminis, a new genus and species of the Euantiarcha (Placodermi: Antiarcha), is described from the late Emsian (Early Devonian) of Wuding, Yunnan, southwestern China. The referred specimens were three-dimensionally preserved in black shales, allowing a high-resolution computed tomography reconstruction of anatomical details. The new euantiarch is characterized by a large orbital fenestra, an arched exoskeletal band around the orbital fenestra and a developed obtected nuchal area of the skull roof. Maximum parsimony analysis, using a revised data-set of antiarchs with 44 taxa and 66 characters, resolves Wufengshania gen. nov. as a member of the Bothriolepididae, which is characterized by the presence of the infraorbital sensory canal diverging on the lateral plate, and the nuchal plate with orbital facets. New analysis supports a sister group relationship between Dianolepis and the Bothriolepididae. Luquanolepis, a coeval euantiarch from the neighboring site of the new form, is referred to the Asterolepidoidei and represents the basalmost and earliest member of the Asterolepidoidei.

Zhaohui Pan* [panzhaohui@ivpp.ac.cn], Min Zhu* [zhumin@ivpp.ac.cn], You’an Zhu^? [zhuyouan@ivpp.ac.cn] and Liantao Jia [jialiantao@ivpp.ac.cn] Key Laboratory of Vertebrate Evolution and Human Origins of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, PO Box 643, Beijing 100044, PR China. *Also affiliated with University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China. ^?Also affiliated with Uppsala University, PO Box 256, 751 05 Uppsala, Sweden.     

关于中小型汉墓研究的思考

随着中小型汉墓资料的日益丰富,其研究思路和体系需要拓展和创新。研究广度方面,汉墓的分区研究需要完善,要用更广阔的视野进行对比研究;研究高度方面,需要对中小型汉墓进一步解读,上升至对社会制度和历史发展规律的探讨;研究深度方面,对中小型汉墓的研究需更加细致化,科技分析方法要更多地应用其中。     

丘北史志与丘北文艺创作

志书是文艺创作取之不尽、用之不竭的素材来源,是创作的源泉。季炳成的长篇历史小说《普者黑传奇》、李耕溢的长篇小说《山国英雄儿女》获得了成功;邓林芬的八场花灯剧《她才十八岁》,李绍云的国画《正气歌》《魂断南疆》和《忠魂》更是不断开拓了读志用志的新领域。