中日现代化进程中观念冲突之一斑——以李鸿章与森有礼在直隶总督府的论战为中心

141年前,李鸿章和森有礼曾就日本军舰“云扬号”入侵朝鲜江华岛事件以及学习西方、变革服制、举借外债等问题在保定展开了一场激烈的论战。本文考察了森有礼于光绪元年腊月二十八日赴直隶总督府与李鸿章举行会谈的背景,并基于1899年出版的《森先生传》中揭载的对话记录,译介、分析了这场对话的主要内容;指出,尽管李鸿章组建了一个人数众多的幕府,但由于无法破除人身依附关系,未能建立独立的智库,以致他很难听到不同的意见,学到有价值的新知。因此,李鸿章与森有礼论战时无法占据明显优势也就在所难免。     

在朝或居乡:元末明初师儒汪叡的出处选择

元明易代之际儒者的出处选择,不仅取决于个体的心性特质,更是当事人的身份背景和行事经历的反映.晚明史籍常将婺源汪叡视为明代开国时期重要的循良师儒,但却忽略了他对于洪武朝廷所秉持的疏离态度.元末动乱使汪叡有机会从默默无闻的乡儒崛起为绥靖地方的精英,但这一经历在明初却同样给他带来了无法避免的政治困境,以至于汪叡虽然曾短暂入仕,却始终难以充分建立对新朝的政治认同.     

An Approach to the Diagnosis of Craniofacial Fibrous Dysplasia from the 2500‐Year‐Old Remains of a Skull from Ancient China

A human skull, buried about 2500 years ago in a Bronze Age cemetery at Jinggouzi, a site of an important ethnic group in ancient China, appeared to have characteristics of fibrous dysplasia. The CT images indicated a reduction in bone density and relatively homogeneous lesions. More features were revealed using CT reconstruction techniques. Lesions seen in low‐magnification images using a 3D deep‐field microscope had an irregular honeycomb‐like structure. At higher magnification, the trabeculae morphology and the gaps between the trabeculae were irregular and varied in size and shape. Paraffin‐embedded specimens stained with HE showed trabeculae with tortuous irregular arrangements varying in shape and width. The irregular trabeculae of woven bone has been described as having fibrous dysplasia. Molecular analysis of the GNAS gene indicated no mutation. This provides a non‐invasive approach for us to make more comprehensive diagnoses and to assist research into ancient human diseases.     

Modelling and Seismic Response Analysis of Italian Code-Conforming Base-Isolated Buildings

ABSTRACT

This paper reports on results of nonlinear analyses performed within the RINTC project on an RC building isolated with different systems (High Damping Rubber Bearings, High Damping Rubber Bearings and Flat Sliding Bearings, Friction Pendulum System) and designed according to the Italian design code. The seismic response has been evaluated under different seismic input levels of two sites with different hazard and by considering two Limit States: Global Collapse and Usability-Preventing Damage. The influence of seismic stoppers and modelling uncertainties is also evaluated. Results permit to compute the implicit collapse risk and to identify critical aspects of current design procedures.     

From the interpersonal to the internet: social service digitisation and the implications for vulnerable individuals and communities

In Australia, e-government is continuously re-defining service boundaries. While this may be good in the case of transactional interactions, for example the online submission of tax returns, it is less clear that interpersonal services, such as working closely with the long-term unemployed, are best delivered digitally. We consider the impact of social services digitisation on vulnerable communities drawing on an analysis of remote Aboriginal communities. Digital uptake affords great opportunities, but it also carries risks. Some communities have no digital infrastructure and in certain cases traditional face-to-face services have been curtailed, leaving those not online with reduced assistance. We find that concerns about the ‘digital divide’ are well founded. Problems generated by e-government flow across boundaries and appear left to the third sector to resolve with the state playing an even more diminished role in the lives of disadvantaged citizens.     

Governance,public policy and boundary-making

This symposium draws attention to innovative and emerging research in Australian public policy exploring the interplay of governance, public policy and boundary-making. Conceptually and substantively, boundaries are fundamental to understanding policy outcomes, yet remain overlooked and undertheorised. We aim to contribute to public policy debates, in Australia and beyond, by provoking further reflection on this theme, in particular, the distributive effects of boundaries in policy-making; the blurring of boundaries implicit to governance frameworks; the crossing of boundaries, especially by policy-officials within and between institutions; the construction of boundaries to separate and marginalise; and the existence of temporal–spatial boundaries that demarcate jurisdiction and authority. In short, the study of governance and public policy-making is marked by multiple different types of boundaries but the way in which boundaries get drawn and redrawn is also suffuse with political contestation meaning they raise crucial questions about the exercise of power.