新发现鲁迅致曹靖华书简及《河南卢氏曹先生教泽碑文》手稿

《河南卢氏曹先生教泽碑文》是鲁迅为曹靖华之父曹植甫撰写的一篇碑文,碑文原稿连同附带的一封书信一直没有被外界发现和披露。近日碑文和书信手稿首度现身公众视野,从其内容、特征和相关记载分析,可以确定为鲁迅手书原稿无疑。这两件手稿的发现,为我们对比研究《教泽碑文》的原稿、清稿、初刊本、文集本、全集本等诸多版本提供了重要依据,解决了1986年所立碑文石刻文字的底本问题,同时也廓清了包括曹靖华本人在内对这篇碑文手稿回忆的不准确之处。     

图们江“金三角”国际性城市体系发展构想

本文论述了图们江地区国际性城市体系建设的必要性,提出了城市体系等级结构、职能结构和空间结构的构建设想及管理原则,并初步估算了城市体系发展各项基础设施建设及投资规模。     

Investigating Human Migration and Horse‐Trading in Yelang (夜郎) Through Strontium Isotope Analysis of Skeletons from Zhougshui Sites,South‐West China (1300 bc – ad 25)

Yelang (夜郎), a mysterious state located in the south‐western area of early China and dating from the Bronze Age to the Early Iron Age (1300 bc – ad 25), is a cultural interactive junction between the Yunnan–Guizhou Plateau and the Yangtze River Basin. The Zhongshui Basin in Weining County, Guizhou Province, was one of the important distribution areas of the Yelang civilization. This area, which includes sites at Jigongshan (鸡公山; 1300 – 800 bc ), Hongyingpan (红营盘; 700 – 400 bc ) and Yinzitan (银子坛; 400 bc – ad 25), has provided a very integrated chronology, spanning from the Bronze Age to the Early Iron Age in the eastern Yunnan – western Guizhou area. To investigate human migration and horse‐trading at these Yelang sites, we conducted a strontium isotopic analysis on the teeth enamel of humans and horses unearthed from these three sites. The results indicated the following: (1) people at the earlier sites (Jigongshan and Hongyingpan) were all indigenous, whereas in the Yinzitan cemetery, there was a more immigrant population, and all the people who were buried in an upper limb flexed supine position were non‐local; and (2) most of the horses found at the Jigongshan and Yinzitan sites show different provenances, probably related to the famous Dian (滇) and Zuo (筰) horses recorded in historical documents, providing more clues for further study on horse‐trading in South‐West China during the Bronze Age and the Early Iron Age.     

Localizing the Reynolds case: a comparison of two American military atrocities in the Far East in Cold War 1957

ABSTRACT

This paper’s main focus is the case of the killing of Chinese citizen Liu Ziran by the American soldier Robert G. Reynolds in Taipei on March 20, 1957. Following this unfortunate event, a United States court-martial was inappropriately held in Taiwan. Reynolds’ acquittal provoked a violent response from the Chinese people. The riot on May 24, 1957, is best interpreted within a framework of nationalism rather than Cold War discourse. That same year, in the Girard case, another American soldier killed a Japanese woman in Japan. Due to the unequal positions of Taiwan and Japan in US Cold War strategy, these two killings were handled differently and led to dissimilar reactions. Washington viewed Taipei as somewhat of a troublemaker rather than a reliable ally and expressed great suspicion of Chiang Kai-shek and his eldest son, Chiang Ching-kuo. The US government had already declined to support Chiang Kai-shek’s plan for parachute raids in China. Meanwhile, Chiang’s authoritarian regime created a hotbed for the outbreak of nationalism. The people of Taiwan experienced a “pawn complex” and, in the Reynolds case, gave vent to accumulated ideological and social pressures.     

1866年《南部宅地法》土地分配方案及其失败原因

1866年《南部宅地法》为了解决美国黑人自由民的土地问题制定了相对有利的宅地申请条件。然而由于缺乏申请宅地以及从事农业生产的初始资本和其他借贷来源,美国联邦政府也没有在借贷方面为宅地申请者提供相应的扶持,绝大多数黑人自由民并没有利用《南部宅地法》提供的有利条件转变为独立的小农场主。这是1866年《南部宅地法》失败的深层次原因。     

明代武职纳级述论

明代军民、武官通过捐纳升除武职,称为"纳级",始行于正统四年.明中期以后,朝廷为弥补财政匮乏而频繁开纳,又出现T加纳世袭、纳赀免比试、幕兵升级等形式,所需财物数量则随武官地位的下降而减少.嘉靖中叶以前,纳级主要得虚衔,对武官铨选影响较小.明后期,纳级已是武官四大来源之一,朝廷陆续出台了一系列任用纳级武官规范,对铨选产生较大影响.纳级对打破资格,招徕无缘世职或难中武举的牵杰之士有积极作用,但整个官僚系统的腐败使纳级所能发挥的积极作用非常有限,实际上加剧了军队的腐败和铨选制度的败坏.     

曲颈壶小考

曲颈壶多被收录于宋、清时期的金石学著作中,时代一般定在周或汉,考古所见不多。据山西侯马虒祈M2129所出结合铜蒜头壶的考证,可知其年代为战国晚期至秦,是秦文化的典型性器物。     

China’s services sector: the new engine of economic growth

This paper presents a review of services sector development in China. It is found that China’s services have recently emerged as the dominant contributor to economic growth and job creation. Trade in services has also increased dramatically, although China maintains a huge deficit. In comparison with economies at a similar stage of development, however, China’s services sector is lagging behind. Both GDP and employment shares of the services sector are relatively small. Services trade also accounts for a relatively small share of China’s total trade. In particular, China’s new services are underdeveloped. As per capita income rises and resultant urbanization accelerates, the country’s services sector is expected to expand further and hence play a key role in rebalancing China’s economy away from its over-reliance on manufacturing and exporting. To reach this goal, further reforms and prudent government policies are needed.     

论工业化时期英国社会民间警务模式及影响

18世纪中期以来,英国进入由农业社会向工业社会的递变时期,鉴于犯罪活动猖獗,传统治安管理制度渐趋瓦解,符合英国历史传统和宪政原则的社会警务模式以组成巡逻队、诉讼协会、职业抓贼者等形式,在维护社会秩序和人们生命财产安全方面填补了“警察真空”.社会警务虽然不是社会发展的核心要素,但它满足了人们不同的安全需要,一定程度上保障了社会的有序发展,是英国社会转型时期资本主义发展的自然需求.