Truncated Decision Making and Deliberative Implementation: A Time-Based Policy Process Model for Transitional China

The time dimension has not attracted enough attention in policy process research in China, yet speed is the most distinctive feature of China’s recent development. This article, based on observations of China’s policy practices, proposes a new research perspective for understanding how the Chinese government has been able to address policy challenges in an era of rapid transition. The approach adopted by the government allows decision makers to respond quickly to serious problems with a truncated decision-making process, and then implement the decisions through a more gradual deliberative process. The article examines China’s coal-mining industry reform as an empirical case to illustrate how this governance approach has been used to achieve major policy reform, namely property rights reform for coal mines, while simultaneously maintaining stability, regulating production safety, and stimulating industrial development. The article concludes with a discussion of the broad implications of this pattern for improving the effectiveness of public policy both in and outside China.     

Study on the strontium isotope standard in pig teeth excavated from Zaoshugounao site,Shaanxi Province of China

In archaeology, strontium isotope analysis is developing into an efficient scientific technique for tracing the movement of prehistoric humans and animals. Determining the local bioavailable ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratio range is the key to distinguishing whether the human or animal is indigenous to the local area. It has been shown that the ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratio in the enamel of pigs can be an excellent sample to determine the range of local strontium isotope ratio at the site. However, pigs may not be all local at the site, and there is no special study on whether pigs’ different ages and tooth types impact the local strontium isotope characteristics. In this paper, the tooth enamel of 19 pigs from the Zaoshugounao site for strontium isotope ratio (⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr) by multicollector–inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. There were no significant differences in ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr ratios of local pigs at different months and different molar types, which did not affect the determination of the local strontium isotope standard. Based on the local strontium isotope ratio range (0.711056–0.711476), we found that five pigs were non-local. The Jing and Wei river basins (in Guanzhong basin) and northern Shaanxi are likely sources of non-pigs.     

整理解读明代财政数据应注意的几个问题——以赖建诚《边镇粮饷:明代中后期的边防经费与国家财政危机,1531～1602》为例

明代留存下来不少财政数据,这些数据均以叙述性文字罗列,给今人利用造成极大困难,急需运用现代统计技术加以整理。但是,由于这些财政数据的来源和性质十分复杂,整理起来有相当的难度。赖建诚教授的《边镇粮饷:明代中后期的边防经费与国家财政危机,1531~1602》一书,在这方面进行了值得充分肯定的尝试,但也出现了一些比较重大的错误。这些错误带有一定的普遍性。这提醒我们在整理解读明代财政数据时应特别注意以下问题:历时性研究必须准确判断财政数字的年代;转录财政数字必须辨清各项目之间的分合关系;比较财政数字必须以性质相同、口径一致为原则;解读财政数字必须明了当时的财政制度。     

Quantifying Animal Trajectories Using Spatial Aggregation and Sequence Analysis: A Case Study of Differentiating Trajectories of Multiple Species

The increasing availability of telemetry data with high spatial and temporal resolution promises to greatly advance scientific understandings of the movement patterns of individual organisms across space and time. The amount of data provided by such methods, however, can be challenging to analyze and interpret. In this study, we present a new approach for analyzing animal movements that aggregates telemetry locations into spatial clusters and extracts the information from sequences formed by individuals passing through these spatial clusters. We applied this integrated approach of spatial aggregation and sequence analysis to quantify and compare trajectories of cattle (Bos taurus), mule deer (Odocoileus hemionus), and elk (Cervus elaphus) tracked by automated telemetry at the Starkey Experimental Forest and Range in northeastern Oregon, USA. Our approach effectively differentiated movement patterns of the three species. It provides a useful mean of quantifying movement patterns of species in a landscape.     

Epipaleolithic/early Neolithic settlements at Qinghai Lake,western China

Transitions from terminal Pleistocene Upper Paleolithic foraging to Holocene Neolithic farming and pastoralist economic orientations in the northern Tibetan Plateau are examined from the perspective of Epipaleolithic sites located near Qinghai Lake, Qinghai Province, western China. Jiangxigou 2 is an artifact-rich, multicomponent midden site with the main period of occupation dating ca. 9000–5000 cal yr BP, containing abundant flaked stone artifacts including a substantial proportion of microlithic tools, abundant faunal remains including gazelle, deer, and sheep, and a small number of ceramics, including the oldest known on the Tibetan Plateau. Heimahe 3, on the other hand, is a brief hunter's camp dating ca. 8450 cal yr BP, with evident affinities to late Upper Paleolithic camps in the same region that date several thousand years older. The two distinctively different sites are probably nodes within a single Epipaleolithic foraging system that developed on the margins of the high Tibetan Plateau during the early Holocene, and that served as a basis for colonization of the high-altitude Plateau at that time. Jiangxigou 2 appears to be connected to early Neolithic agricultural settlements along the upper Yellow River (Huang He) drainage during the middle Holocene, and may provide insights into forager–agriculturalist interactions that lead to the development of pastoralist systems in the region.     

黑龙江省集贤县永红城址一、二、三号灰坑清理简报

2004年9月,黑龙江省集贤县文物管理所会同双鸭山市文物管理站对永红城址内被破坏的3处灰坑进行了抢救性的清理,发现骨、陶、石、铁器等80余件,从发现的文物判断,其文化内涵应归属滚兔岭文化.     

故事类型研究的中国意义——读祁连休先生《中国古代民间故事类型研究》

在民俗学、民间文艺学和近年来热闹起来的非物质文化遗产保护的大圈子里,有两个对于大多数人都陌生的著名学者,一个是祁连休先生,一个是马昌仪先生。     

曲阳北岳庙唐李克用题名碑浅析

现藏于河北曲阳北岳庙的唐李克用题名碑是李克用所书。唐中和五年(885年),幽州李克举等犯易定,李克用领兵救援时题字勒石于曲阳北岳庙,其内容可证史,并补史书之遗误。     

马家浜文化区的地理景观

马家浜文化区的环境研究,以往都以1000年左右为尺度,即把马家浜文化作为一个基本时间单元来分析,所得结论是粗线条或大趋势性的。在马家浜文化研究近半个世纪的今天,我们已经有条件提取更多信息,变趋势性考察为过程性研究,进而描绘这一时期更加细微的演化曲线,构建人地关系景观。     

论先秦道家的"夜行"

《冠子》中的《夜行》篇主要讲述了道家的某些思想。所谓“夜行”即《管子》的《形势》篇中所言的“心行” ,具体而言 ,就是于内心行道 ,不待见于具体行事 ,已能达到招远亲近而有天下的效果。