明代士大夫的民生思想及其政治实践——以《明经世文编》为中心

明朝官员的奏疏中,多有建议"民生"的内容,常使用"国计民生"一词,还以"吏治民生"讨论问题,反映出"民生"问题具有连接国家与社会的性质。儒家民本思想的核心以使民生顺遂为归宿,这一观念渗透到国家统治的模式当中,成为君德、官箴的要求。民生与国计一体两面,国家与社会为紧密相连的互动关系。吏治与民生的关系要求官员当官为民、造福一方。     

试论考古类型学的逻辑与原则

类型学作为认识工具,只涉及科学发现与检验的原理和逻辑,并不涉及具体事实。考古类型学由分型和分式两部分构成,分型即分类,分式即排序。本文借《元君庙仰韶文化墓地》和《试论殷墟文化分期》两篇论著,以集合论的原理和知识说明分类的逻辑,得出穷尽性、排他性、同一性三条原则;以函数的思想说明排序的逻辑,得到同一性原则。     

梁山泊“八百里”之说辨正

梁山泊方圆“八百里”之说因《水浒》的流传而举世皆知;但是,事实上该说法既不见载于宋元地理志书,亦非古代小说家的原创,而是由从《涑水记闻》到《事文类聚》等五本宋人笔记对一则材料的不断传抄讹变而来.现利用版本目录学的研究方法,先还原文本讹变的发生过程并分析其原因,再针对该则材料中两个要素的历史背景——即熙宁时人对《农田水利利害条约》的评价,与王安石、刘攽二人的交恶——进行考证与讨论,最后指出:“八百里”之说绝不可作为开展历史地理研究时的依据.     

Embracing Hygienic Modernity in Late Nineteenth-century Korea: A View from the Periphery

This paper examines Koreans’ response to cholera and the introduction of hygienic modernity by the Japanese after the opening of Korea in 1876. As Korea’s first open port, Pusan became a testing ground for Japanese hygienic modernity in Korea with the influx of Japanese settlers who introduced modern medical knowledge to the area. The introduction of modern medical science and technology by the Japanese, through the establishment of modern facilities such as Saisei Iin, the first modern clinic in Pusan, had a significant impact on the local community, which was suffering the horrific consequences of cholera due to ineffectual government management. In the process, the Japanese settlers utilised hygienic modernity as a way of legitimising and increasing their power over indigenous Koreans. While it is necessary to recognise the contributions of the Japanese to disseminating modern medicine and medical knowledge to local Koreans in Pusan, hygienic modernity became a way of legitimising the power of the Japanese settlers over indigenous Koreans in Pusan as a result.     

The Relationship between the Two Types of Vertebral Degenerative Joint Disease in a Joseon Dynasty Population,Korea

The purpose of this research was to explore the relationship between degenerative joint disease (DJD) in the apophyseal joints and intervertebral joints in the vertebral column and assess which vertebral DJD is the more reliable indicator of general activity‐related stress. We hypothesized that the more reflecting vertebral DJD for general activity‐related stress would appear to show a higher correlation with Schmorl's nodes (SNs). To test this hypothesis, we examined 125 individuals from Eunpyeong Cemetery (mid‐15th to early 20th centuries) in Seoul, Korea and analyzed the frequencies of two types of vertebral DJD and their relationship with SNs. Cross‐tabulation chi‐square tests were used to evaluate the significance of the differences between frequencies of vertebral pathologies. In conclusion, results revealed that the relationship between the two kinds of vertebral DJD appeared differently depending on vertebral region, joint type and sex. The test results of association between the two types of vertebral DJD were statistically significant at the cervical and lumbar regions of males. SNs appeared independently of the pattern of vertebral DJD in nearly all joints with the exception of a correlation between DJD in the intervertebral joints and SNs of the lumbar region in females. As indicated in some studies, this study reconfirmed that the differences in the two kinds of vertebral DJD result from differences in normal vertebral morphology and anatomical function. This study contributes to the overall discussion on the relationship between vertebral DJD and physical activity by showing that the detailed recording and understanding of the two types of vertebral DJD is required before they can be used convincingly in a study on activity‐related stress. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.