“中国之治”的制度优势

党的十九届四中全会站在党和国家事业全局和战略高度,立足当前,着眼长远,专门研究审议了坚持和完善中国特色社会主义制度、推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化的重大问题,从坚定制度自信和推进制度创新的结合上系统回答了“坚持和巩固什么、完善和发展什么”这个重大政治问题,第一次集中概括了中国特色社会主义制度有机联系、相辅相成、汇聚整体的显著优势,系统阐述了由根本制度、基本制度、重要制度构成的层次清晰、全面系统的科学制度体系,明确提出了推进我国制度建设和国家治理的指导思想、总体要求、总体目标、战略途径和重大举措。这次全会通过的《中共中央关于坚持和完善中国特色社会主义制度推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化若干重大问题的决定》(以下简称《决定》)A,充分体现了以习近平同志为核心的党中央对中国特色社会主义建设规律认识的深化,对科学社会主义理论与实践的丰富发展,为成功实现“中国之治”提供了深厚的制度基础和有力的制度保障。     

Characterizations of palace lantern tassels preserved in The Palace Museum,Beijing, by UPLC-ESI-Q-TOF

Palace lanterns were important and highly visible decorations in the imperial palace in Beijing, China, during the Qing dynasty (1636–1912). Most lanterns had colourful tassels made of fibres. The study performed a comprehensive investigation of the materials and dyes used for palace lantern tassels preserved in The Palace Museum, Beijing. Eight samples with different colours, including yellow, green and red, from five palace lanterns were analysed. By using ultra-performance liquid chromatography combined with time-of-flight mass spectrometry, the compositions of the dyes were identified quickly, and thus the dyes' origins were explored. A X-ray fluorescence spectrometer assisted in the detection of whether a mordant was used during the dyeing process. As a result, the tassels were all made of silk, discovered through the use of microscopic observation and micro-Fourier transform infrared spectrometry analysis. Different dyeing techniques were found in these tassels: yellow tassels were dyed by cork tree or turmeric by a direct dyeing method; greens were dyed by pagoda bud with an iron mordant, or by the combination of cork tree and indigo using multi-dyeing method; and red tassels were coloured with different acid red industrial dyes. These results provide valuable data for the conservation of ancient textile tassels and contribute to the investigation of other hanging tags.     

BEYOND THE GPN–NEW REGIONALISM DIVIDE IN CHINA: RESTRUCTURING THE CLOTHING INDUSTRY,REMAKING THE WENZHOU MODEL

This article attempts to advance the research on industrial districts and regional development through a study of the restructuring of the clothing industry in Wenzhou Municipality, a regional driver of the Chinese economy. Wenzhou is known for the Wenzhou model of development traditionally centred on family‐owned small businesses embedded in local institutions. The clothing industry is one of the leading industries in Wenzhou, and a cluster with national significance has emerged, where most of the production components can be purchased locally. However, the industry has been scaled up nationally and internationally, with the expansion of sales networks and production facilities across China, and to a lesser extent, abroad. This restructuring has changed the endogenous nature of industrial clusters/districts. The restructuring challenges the orthodox notion of the Wenzhou model and the New Regionalism literature, particularly the orthodox notion of Marshallian industrial districts that overly emphasizes small firms and local assets, and the global production network perspective that highlights coupling with global lead firms in regional development.     

中国考古学的历史传统与时代使命

目 次 一 救亡图存与重建古史:早期中国考古学的历史选择 二 从考古学文化到区系类型:中国考古学的探索与发展 三 坚定文化自信:新时代考古学的历史使命 习近平总书记"9·28"重要讲话深刻阐述了我国考古工作取得的重大成就和重要意义,为新时代中国考古事业发展指明了前进方向,也为如何构建中华民族历史、认识中华文明丰富内涵、坚定文化自信提供了理论依据[1].考古学在中国是近代化的产物,从它自西方传入中国、并且植根于中华大地这片沃土伊始,一方面在学术目标、理论建设和田野实践等环节就不断形成自身的历史传统,不再是西方考古学的翻版,而是努力朝着建设中国特色和中国风格的考古学体系迈进;另一方面,在不同的时代,中国考古学者也承担起不同的历史使命,不断续写新篇,继往开来,为中华文明和世界文明做出了独特贡献.回顾百年中国考古学史,每当时代发展的重大转折关头,中国考古学都在顺应历史变革、引领社会思潮、坚定文化自信上起到重要的历史作用.     

广西玉林市博物馆馆藏七件铜鼓的初步分析研究

迄今已有2 700多年历史的铜鼓,是南方少数民族地区节日、喜庆、兵事、婚丧、祭祀、礼乐等场合使用的一种重器。为了对锈蚀状况做出科学的现状评估,为器物保护修复技术路线的制定和修复工作的开展提供科学指导,对玉林市博物馆馆藏7件铜鼓综合运用了体视显微镜、金相显微镜、激光显微拉曼光谱仪(RS)和环境扫描电镜及能谱仪(ESEM-EDAX)等仪器进行了金相组织和合金成分分析以及锈蚀产物的分析。分析结果显示:7件器物皆为泥范铸造成型,未见热、冷加工处理现象。7件铜鼓皆为铅锡青铜合金,总体呈低锡高铅的特点。组织形态呈典型α固溶体树枝晶偏析,锡含量处于6.0%～12.2%,分布较为集中,处于中等含量水平(5%≤Sn15%);铅含量处于14.4%～28.2%,铅含量普遍较高且分布较为集中,处于中高铅(10%≤Pb15%)和高铅含量(Pb≥15%)水平,合金中高铅含量配比应为工匠有意合金配比选择;铜鼓的腐蚀类型为α固溶体富铜相优先腐蚀,保存环境主要是富氧、少氯,铜鼓表面锈蚀产物主要为绿色孔雀石和蓝色蓝铜矿以及氧化物,有少量白色白铅矿。在保护修复工作中对于这些无害锈可保留,不予处理,并注重防氧。对于铜鼓表面夹杂泥土,需进行清洗去除。研究结果可为器物保护修复技术路线的制定和修复工作的开展提供科学指导。     

汉代漆器的剖析

通过制备并分析一系列模拟漆膜样品。建立了有助于鉴定汉代漆器成分的剖析方法。经裂解气相色谱、差热分析、色谱一红外联用等现代分析技术对出土的汉代漆器残片样品的综合分析,证实在西汉漆器制造中已使用桐油或其它的添加剂,并依据剖析的结果,对某些汉代漆器的原材料差异作了初步探讨。     

阆中大像山石窟的形制、题材与时代

位于四川省阆中市的大像山石窟,主要开凿于中晚唐和宋代,明清时期也有少量开凿。现有37龛,以方形龛、外方内圆拱形龛及圆拱形龛为主,方形龛最为多见。龛楣大多无装饰,雕刻简单。题材主要有弥勒佛、七佛、千佛、观音、天王、力士、经幢及舍利塔等。造像组合较少,以单身造像为多。阆中独特的地理位置,使得大像山石窟兼具广元、巴中两地石窟的特点,其丰富的内容为巴蜀佛教石窟寺的深入研究提供了重要的实物资料。     

Earthquake Resilience of Reinforced Concrete Structural Walls with Replaceable “Fuses”

The concept of providing a fuse in a structural system has been both developed and investigated over the past few years (e.g., the use of replaceable links in eccentrically braced frames or the use of replaceable links in the new San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge). This paper presents a new coupling beam with a creative fuse installed in the mid-span of a steel-concrete composite beam via an end plate and high-strength bolts. First, a practical design methodology of a replaceable coupling beam is presented. Next, the seismic behavior of the proposed fuse is tested and evaluated, and two structural wall specimens with or without a fuse are designed and fabricated according to the proposed design methods. The two specimens possess similar shear capacities under large-scale cyclic loading, and the walls of the two specimens show similar failure modes; however, the new walls exhibit slightly lower levels of damage than the conventional walls. In particular, the inelastic deformation and damage of replaceable coupling beams are mainly concentrated in the fuse, whereas the non-yield segment and the beam-wall pier interfaces remain nearly intact and produce only slight damage, which is beneficial regarding the replacement of the fuse in post-earthquake events.     

张家界市博物馆明代铜佛像的多视角影像三维重建探索

由于多视角影像三维重建具有数据采集方便灵活、硬件成本低、操作简单、自动化程度高的特点,因此,选用多视角影像三维重建技术对张家界市博物馆明代铜佛像进行三维建模。通过描述佛像立面与空心底部的影像采集,再应用Agisoft PhotoScan软件进行三维重建的过程;从控制点的三维坐标与误差数值、模型成像与影像图的误差分析,得出佛像三维模型的精度误差微小的结论,证明该技术具有操作简单、模型成像清晰的特点。与三维激光扫描技术相比较,多视角影像三维重建技术具有成本费用低、工作流程高效简捷的优势,更适合在文物工作中推广运用。     

GOLD AND SILVER WINGED GODS FROM THE TUBO PERIOD

正Ethnic people living on the Tibetan Plateau during the Tubo period have been well-known as not only strong and brave on horses,but they were also an ethnic group enriched with powerful creativity and rich imagination.From Tubo's cultural art,we can observe a large amount of extremely fine artifacts.For instance,among recently