“中国之治”的制度优势

党的十九届四中全会站在党和国家事业全局和战略高度,立足当前,着眼长远,专门研究审议了坚持和完善中国特色社会主义制度、推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化的重大问题,从坚定制度自信和推进制度创新的结合上系统回答了“坚持和巩固什么、完善和发展什么”这个重大政治问题,第一次集中概括了中国特色社会主义制度有机联系、相辅相成、汇聚整体的显著优势,系统阐述了由根本制度、基本制度、重要制度构成的层次清晰、全面系统的科学制度体系,明确提出了推进我国制度建设和国家治理的指导思想、总体要求、总体目标、战略途径和重大举措。这次全会通过的《中共中央关于坚持和完善中国特色社会主义制度推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化若干重大问题的决定》(以下简称《决定》)A,充分体现了以习近平同志为核心的党中央对中国特色社会主义建设规律认识的深化,对科学社会主义理论与实践的丰富发展,为成功实现“中国之治”提供了深厚的制度基础和有力的制度保障。     

清代两淮盐场的灶户保甲及其与州县保甲之别

清代保甲制度在盐务系统的推行,强化了对基层灶户的监控,重在源头上稽查和告发私盐.文章重点考察两淮盐场保甲制的产生与实施、内容与特点,以及与州县民户保甲的区别,揭示灶户保甲在清代的适应性生成和演化的问题.一方面,食盐国家"专卖"体制,决定了灶户保甲的"专制"主义特色,组织化的保甲制与火伏制,共同构成盐务系统的基层治安网络.另一方面,灶户保甲的废弛,折射了保甲制"集体性惩罚"的悖论,"厉而不严",实质是社会衰败在盐务系统的突出表现与反映.     

COMPUTATION OF MAXIMUM LIKELIHOOD ESTIMATES OF GRAVITY MODEL PARAMETERS*

ABSTRACT. This paper presents the derivations of several new algorithms for the computation of maximum likelihood estimates of the parameters of a very general form of the gravity model. The algorithms are then compared with previously available algorithms including GLIM and that given in Sen (1986). One of the new algorithms emerges as far superior in just about every way to its competitors. In particular, it is usually much more than an order of magnitude faster than the GLIM procedure and that given in Sen (1986). It is also not substantially affected by pitfalls such as multicollinearity and (unlike the GLIM procedure) is capable of comfortably handling large O-D matrices.     

Caddoan Area archaeology since 1990

This paper summarizes recent archaeological research efforts, and changing perspectives, about the native history of the Caddo peoples who lived in the Caddoan Archaeological Area, which centers on the Great Bend of the Red River in Oklahoma, Texas, Arkansas, and Louisiana. Of particular focus are the origins and early developments of the Caddoan tradition, regional diversity, subsistence changes and agricultural intensification, sociopolitical dynamics, and Caddoan-European interaction.