Mortuary Variability and Status Differentiation in the Late Jomon of Hokkaido Based on the Analysis of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Shuteibo</Emphasis> (Communal Cemeteries)

The shuteibo, a type of communal cemetery characterized by a circular embankment, was constructed in the latter half of the Late Jomon (c. 1520 cal BC–1250 cal BC) in Hokkaido, Japan. Shuteibo at the Kiusu, Misawa-1, Bibi-4 and Kashiwagi-B sites are key to understanding the complex hunter-gatherer societies of the Late Jomon. Elite graves inside the shuteibo and non-elite graves outside them show clear differences in terms of grave goods, red ocher and grave markers at Kiusu-4. These communal cemeteries may have been created and maintained by elites who had access to highly valued materials, such as jadeite, through long-distance trade. Differences in the number of graves and grave goods among shuteibo at the Misawa-1 and Bibi-4 sites indicate differences in group size and intra-site elite differentiation. The Kiusu site has both the largest example and the largest concentration of these cemeteries in Hokkaido. At the inter-site level, differences in the size of these communal cemeteries indicate variability in the number of corporate groups as well as in relative power between sites.     

《叶山嘉树日记》中的“转向”印痕

《叶山嘉树日记》历时14年之久,体系庞大,内容纷杂。《叶山嘉树日记》主要包含三部分：叶山本人从昭和7年1月1日至昭和20年1月2日为止的日记、昭和7年版《新文艺日记》1册与17册的叶山大学笔记以及大正12年6月27日至10月5日的《狱中记》。本文将《叶山嘉树日记》按照不同时期政治立场或战争倾向进行了归类,并作出了相关诠释。作为战时一代有代表性的知识分子,对叶山受战争影响、在＂转向＂与人道主义之间摇摆不定的精神轨迹进行了辨析。     

个人性初始风景与心理差异对旅游地选择偏好的影响

本研究首先将个人性初始风景定义为人们未成年时期曾生活的、并受到很大影响的居住地景象,进而探讨了“个人性初始风景”、以及两个心理学尺度对个人旅游地选择偏好的内心影响作用。本研究选择了98位日本女子大学生作为调查对象,使其回答有关个人性初始风景与旅游地选择偏好的问题,并对他们进行了两个心理学尺度（自我监测与刺激欲求）的测度。结果表明,个人性初始风景中较少含有农村性风景成分的调查对象,则具有“逃逸”倾向,多选择娱乐性旅游地作为出行目的地。另一方面,个人性初始风景中,含有较高的农村风景成分,则趋向于选择冒险性旅游地。另外,具有很高自我监测能力的人们多选择自然或自然性的旅游地。     

Estimation of age at death of sika deer (Cervus nippon) from an archaeological site based on radiographs of mandibular molariform tooth development

The development of permanent premolar and molar teeth was examined in mandibular radiographs from wild sika deer (Cervus nippon) of known ages (74 males, 66 females, 4 unknown; age range 1–54 months) from Hyogo Prefecture. Tooth development was scored according to the method described by Brown & Chapman (1991a, b). Stage‐specific scores for all molar and premolar teeth were summed, and simple cubic regression analysis was used to analyse the relationship between the total score and age in months. Our analysis showed a strong cubic correlation between the total score and chronological age in months. The equation obtained from this analysis was used to estimate age within a 95% prediction interval in seven archaeological specimens from the Asahi archaeological site in central Japan. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Storage adaptations among hunter–gatherers: A quantitative approach to the Jomon period

Food storage economies among hunter–gatherers have been fundamentally important in research within anthropological archeology. It is well recognized that food storage was a key element in the evolution of hunter–gatherer societies. This paper examines storage facilities utilizing a digital planimeter to evaluate the volume and morphology of storage pits in the Jomon period (ca. 13,750–500 cal. BC). Quantitative analysis of Jomon storage pits shows temporal and spatial variability in terms of size. This research demonstrates that the quantitative analysis of storage pits is an effective way to improve our understanding of storage and its role in the Jomon economy in particular and subsistence adaptations in general. Thus, this approach has potential applications to other storage economies worldwide.     

European Ideas of Peace in the Late Thirteenth and Early Fourteenth Centuries

This article explores the diversity of the European idea of peace in the late thirteenth and early fourteenth centuries. In the late Middle Ages, a literary genre of “peace writings” emerged. Despite the ubiquitous academic interest in peace, however, late medieval scholastic conceptions of peace have hitherto escaped serious scholarly investigation. Drawing on Johan Galtung's classic typology of the idea of peace, this essay offers an examination of the discussions of Thomas Aquinas, Remigio de’ Girolami, and Dante on peace, which not only illustrates the diversity of late medieval visions of peace but also argues that late medieval thinkers shared the recognition that temporal peace was possible: a significant departure from the Christian skepticism of this-worldly peace.