Anti-Communism in Australian Immigration Policies 1947–54: The Case of Russian/Soviet Displaced Persons from Europe and White Russians from China

This article assesses the role of anti-Communism in Australia’s postwar immigration policy in the years before the Petrov affair, with particular reference to the entry of Russians and Russian-speaking Jews from Europe and China. Our discussion focuses on the Department of Immigration under Arthur Calwell and his successor, Harold Holt, and the security agency, ASIO. We conclude that policy in this sphere was essentially bipartisan, and that anti-Communism was an important but not overwhelming motivation, stronger than the desire to prevent entry of Nazis and war criminals but probably less salient in practice than concern to minimise the entry of Jews.     

Cleaners’ Organizing in Britain from the 1970s: A Personal Account

In the early 1970s the Women's Liberation Movement in Britain set out to unionize night cleaners. A long and intensive campaign resulted in two strikes and a greater awareness in the trade union movement about this neglected group of workers. But though the publicity generated by newspaper articles, meetings, and the making of two documentary films on cleaners focused attention on their conditions, organization proved very difficult. This was compounded by the economic and political climate from the late 1970s and the impact of privatization, which contributed to the growth in inequality in British society. This article outlines a disregarded history of attempts to organize cleaners, a history which is gaining a new‐found relevance in the wake of the “Justice for Janitors” campaign in the US and the awareness that low‐paid service work plays a key part in the global economy.     

Marseille as model

Les Grammaires d'une ville: Essai sur la genèse des structures urbaines à Marseille. By Marcel Roncayolo (Paris: EHESS, 1996), 507 pp., FF 380, paper.     

The Darkest Corner: documenting institutional abuse and its consequences at the Abbey Theatre

Documentary theatre, as a theatrical genre, has not maintained a continuous presence in Irish theatre. The Darkest Corner series, produced in 2010 by the Abbey Theatre, Dublin, Ireland's National Theatre is, therefore, one of the first examples of Irish theatre using the genre to address political and social issues. Presenting three plays, Gerard Mannix Flynn's James X, Richard Johnson's The Evidence I Shall Give and Mary Raftery's No Escape, the series examines the widespread abuse of children in state institutions. Before analysing the documentary play commissioned by the Abbey, Raftery's No Escape, this article will begin with an exploration of documentary theatre in Ireland. It will then examine the material used for the play, the Ryan Report, published following the Commission to Inquire into Child Abuse, something of great political and social interest to contemporary Ireland and, finally, the play itself.     

Interpreting the expansion of sea fishing in medieval Europe using stable isotope analysis of archaeological cod bones

Archaeological fish bones reveal increases in marine fish utilisation in Northern and Western Europe beginning in the 10th and 11th centuries AD. We use stable isotope signatures from 300 archaeological cod (Gadus morhua) bones to determine whether this sea fishing revolution resulted from increased local fishing or the introduction of preserved fish transported from distant waters such as Arctic Norway, Iceland and/or the Northern Isles of Scotland (Orkney and Shetland). Results from 12 settlements in England and Flanders (Belgium) indicate that catches were initially local. Between the 9th and 12th centuries most bones represented fish from the southern North Sea. Conversely, by the 13th to 14th centuries demand was increasingly met through long distance transport – signalling the onset of the globalisation of commercial fisheries and suggesting that cities such as London quickly outgrew the capacity of local fish supplies.     

Reviews

Authority and Political Culture in Shi'ism, Said Amir Arjomand, ed., Albany, New York: State University of New York Press, 1988, 393 pp., index. $19.95, paperback. $49.50, cloth.

A Lonely Woman: Forugh Farrokhzad and her Poetry, Michael C. Hillmann, Washington, D.C.: Three Continents Press and Mage Publishers, 1987, 181 pp.

The Timurid Architecture of Iran and Turan, Lisa Golombek and Donald Wilber, Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1988; Vol. 1: 510 pp. of text; Vol. 2: 16 color plates, 481 black‐and‐white photographs, 8 maps, 162 plans and sections. $130.

Timurid Architecture in Khurasan, Bernard O'Kane, Costa Mesa, CA: Mazda Publishers, 1987, 418 pp., numerous figures and plates. $49.95.

Iranian Immigrants in the United States: A Case Study of Dual Marginality, Abdolmaboud Ansari, Millwood, N.Y.: Associated Faculty Press, 1988, xii + 148 pp.

Aux Sources de la Nouvelle Persane, Christophe Balay and Michel Cuypers, Paris: Institut Français d'Iranologie de Teheran, 1983, 222 pp., bibiography, indexes of proper names, books and journals. 124 Fr. paperback.

Post‐Revolutionary Iran, Hooshang Amirahmadi and Manoucher Parvin, eds., Boulder: Westview Press, 1988, 262 pp. $39.50.

Islamic Art and Spirituality, Seyyed Hossein Nasr, Albany: State University of New York Press, 1987, 213 pp., 10 monochrome plates. $75.00.

Nishapur: Some Early Islamic Buildings and Their Decoration, Charles J. Wilkinson, New York: The Metropolitan Museum of Art, 1986, 328 pp., num. ill., 29 col. pl. $75.00.

The Making of Iran's Islamic Revolution: From Monarchy to Islamic Republic, Mohsen M. Milani, Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press, 1988, xiv + 361.

The Poet Sa'di: A Persian Humanist, John D. Yohannan, (Persian Studies Series, No. 11) Lanham, Md.: University Press of America; Bibliotheca Persica, 1987, 149 pp.

The Destiny of a King, Georges Dum´ezil (translated by Alf Hiltebeitel), Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1988, 155 pp. $11.95.

Revolutionary Iran, R.K. Ramazani, Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1986, xvi + 254 pp., appendix to p. 282, notes to p. 294, bibliography to p. 302, index to p. 311. $27.50.

A Bibliography of the Iran‐Iraq Borderland, Keith MacLachlan and Richard Schofield, Cambridge, U.K.: Middle East and North African Press, 1987, 383 pp.

Tales from Luristan (Matalya Lurissu): Tales, Fables and Folk Poetry from the Lur of Bala‐Gariva, Sekandar Amanolahi and W.M. Thackston, transcribed and translated with notes on the phonology, the grammar of Luri and Luri‐English vocabulary. Harvard Iranian Series, Vol. 4, 1986, XIII + 250 pp. $19.95 paperback.

Shi'ism and Social Protest, Juan R. I. Cole and Nikki R. Keddie, eds., New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 1986, x + 321 pp.

My Memories of Baha'u'llah, Ustad Muhammad‐'Aliy‐i‐Salmani, the Barber, translated from the original Persian by Marzieh Gail, Los Angeles: Kalimat Press, 1982, 122 pp., appendices, short biographies of Baha'is mentioned in the text, as well as notes, selected bibliography and selected love poems of Ustad Muhammad‐'Aliy‐i‐Salmani.

Agricultural Change and Rural Society in Southern Iran, C. Salmanzadeh, Cambridgeshire, England: MENAS Press Ltd., 1980, 275 pp. £17.00 hardback, £10.50 paperback.

Religion and Politics in Contemporary Iran: Clergy‐State Relations in the Pahlavi Period, Shahrough Akhavi, Albany: State University of New York Press, 1980, xx + 255 pp.

Iran: From Religious Dispute to Revolution, Michael M.J. Fischer, Cambridge, Mass., and London, England: Harvard University Press, 1980, xviii + 314 pp.     

THE TREATMENT OF MONEY IN REGIONAL ECONOMICS

ABSTRACT. A survey of regional monetary theory suggests a regional segmentation of financial markets on the basis of differences in portfolio preference, or market imperfections. These possibilities are explored here using post-Keynesian monetary theory. It is concluded that the availability of credit to a region depends more on the (potentially volatile) degree of confidence in the regional economy. The amount of liquidity thus generated depends on the propensity for capital flight due to liquidity preference. The resulting tendency for regions attracting low degrees of confidence to experience liquidity shortage will be greater the more integrated the national banking system.