沈阳故宫院藏清代象牙雕刻鉴赏

回眸历史,古代人类在3000多年前的商代就以象牙作为祭祀品、装饰品敬献于商王,不仅甲骨文里有商王捕象的记录,《山海经》的南山经中亦有＂东五百里,曰祷过之山,其上多金玉,其下多犀、兕,象＂的记载。迄今为止,除殷墟考古遗址中发现有象牙外,在四川金沙遗址的象牙坑里还出土有堆积如山数以万计的象牙祭祀品。     

Leaves in the wind? Local policies of small and medium-sized towns in metropolitan regions

Small and medium-sized towns (SMSTs) contribute to the economic performance of whole metropolitan regions. However, the variety of factors that influence the economic development of SMSTs is understudied and the impact and relevance of their local policies are especially unclear. This article studies local policies of SMSTs within the metropolitan region of Zurich (Switzerland) and the impact of local policies on the economic specialization of these towns. Switzerland serves as an interesting context in which to study SMSTs, particularly those in metropolitan regions, due to their constant growth and the high local autonomy enjoyed by Swiss local governments. Using a multiple case study design that relies on a pair-wise comparison, we find that the economic specialization of SMSTs can mainly be explained by factors that are exogenous to local policy-making such as the town’s location and its connectivity. Land-use strategies are the only local policies that can influence the economic specialization of SMSTs. Therefore, SMSTs are well advised to invest in professionalized land-use departments and to coordinate their land-use strategies with neighbouring jurisdictions.     

古代小说中的龙宫及信仰文化考述

龙宫原为佛教文化意象,当其以文学意象的身份进入我国古代小说后,成为小说作品中的一个常见文学形象。受时代的小说创作潮流、创作群体以及受众层次变化的影响,唐宋小说与明清小说中龙宫的文化内涵及美学旨趣产生变化。历代小说中龙宫意象即在这种历史的变迁中不断发展丰富,构建起意蕴深厚的龙宫信仰文化。     

潜隐和张扬:老舍民族意识的独特表达方式

满族作家老舍创作中往往刻意淡化自己的民族身份,张扬爱国主义主题,与此同时,他运用多种方式为自己、为自己所属的民族进行辩护。主要采用的方式是:以阶级身份替代民族身份,达到与主流意识的和谐;从文化的角度来写国人,传递国家意识,稀释民族负罪感;借助描绘回民传达民族团结观念。老舍表达民族意识的独特方式与满族特定历史时期的公众形象密切相关。