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RUBEN GEORGE OLIVEN 《Nations & Nationalism》2006,12(2):303-320
ABSTRACT. From the 1930s, Brazil experienced a growing national centralisation and the construction of Brasilidade (Brazilianness). The military regime (1964–85) deepened centralisation and emphasised national identity, little space being left for regional identities. With the political opening and the redemocratisation of Brazil, starting at the end of the 1970s, the stress was on differences in a period in which Brazil had already achieved a high degree of integration. Identities were re‐created, among them that of Rio Grande do Sul, the southernmost state of Brazil, where a strong revival of gaúcho culture took place. The 1980s and 1990s were marked by a growing development of activities and disputes linked to the gaúcho tradition. In spite of the fact that Rio Grande do Sul is predominantly urban and industrialised, this process reached out to the state's rural past and the equestrian figure of the gaúcho. 相似文献
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Civil structures could undergo hysteresis cycles due to cracking or yielding, when subjected to severe earthquake motions. Seismic instrumentation, structural monitoring and system identification techniques have been used in the past years to assess civil structures under lateral loads. The present research makes use of a continuous-time Least Squares Method, modified herein to consider the nonlinear behaviour of the structure. The proposed on-line algorithm simultaneously estimates the hysteretic component and structural parameters such as damping and stiffness of a shear building structure. Simulations are carried out using the El Centro and the Mexico City seismic records. Fair convergence speed is obtained for the identification of the parameters and the estimation of the hysteretic component. 相似文献
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MANUEL A. ROJO‐GUERRA RAFAEL GARRIDO‐PENA I
IGO GARCÍA‐MARTÍNEZ DE LAGRN 《Oxford Journal of Archaeology》2010,29(3):253-275
An interpretation of the features surrounding the complex and deliberate closure ritual in several collective Middle Neolithic tombs of the Ambrona Valley (Soria) is offered, where fire and quicklime played a major role in the rituals. The problems involved in the excavation and the understanding of this complex burial evidence are examined. The roles they might have played in the context of the important social and economic transformations of the local Neolithic groups around the end of the fourth millennium cal BC are also analysed. It is argued that the burial rituals tried to reinforce group solidarity at a time when the community was beginning to fragment, as the economic systems began to yield a surplus production whose management would have altered political structures. 相似文献
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