Do electoral district size and diversity affect legislative behaviour?

This paper analyses how the size and socio-economic diversity of their electorate affect parliamentarians’ legislative behaviour. We study the Australian senate, which wields considerable legislative influence and is marked by large differences in the size and socio-economic makeup of the districts that senators represent. We demonstrate that as the size of their district increases, senators ask more questions and introduce more bills and amendments. By contrast, senators become less active as the diversity of their electoral district increases. The paper thus establishes that size and diversity of electorates have significant effects on legislative behaviour.     

Enrique Díaz Retg and El Diluvio: reportage from the Italian frontline (1916)

In the year 1916 Enrique Díaz Retg, a staff journalist working for the Spanish newspaper El Diluvio, extremely popular among Barcelona’s working class readers, was assigned to report from the Italian front. Following an invitation from the Italian Foreign Office, he was granted permission to visit war zones under the control of the Italian army. During this journey, which began on 5 September and concluded in Rome on the 22nd, he traveled with two other famous Spanish reporters, Ramón Pérez de Ayala and Eduardo Gómez de Baquero. Comparing the articles produced by the three journalists allows us to perceive the main distinctive features of Enrique Díaz Retg’s work. From an ideological point of view, his articles reveal a bias in favor of the Latin race and in them he calls for Mediterranean nations to unite, openly inviting the Spanish authorities to enter into war against the barbaric German enemy. In doing so, he contributed to widening the social gap that in the years to come would increasingly alienate the working class from the institution of monarchy and the Catalan elites.     

美国经济遏制战略与高新技术转让限制

50— 60年代 ,美国经济遏制战略是以禁运战略物资为主 ,从 70年代开始 ,转向以限制高新技术转让为主 ;1 979年《出口管制法》标志着这种转变的完成。在“缓和时代” ,美国经济遏制战略追求的目标是 ,以有限发展东西方贸易换取苏联的政治让步。在“新冷战”时期 ,美国经济遏制战略将打击对象从中国重新转向苏联 ,更重要的是将高新技术转让限制作为迫使苏联“改变国内政治”的重要手段     

A new early Paleocene dinoflagellate cyst species,Trithyrodinium partridgei: its biostratigraphic significance and palaeoecology

A palynological investigation of lower Paleocene (lower Teurian) marine sediments of the Abbotsford Formation, exposed in the Fairfield Quarry, Dunedin, New Zealand, reveals a well-preserved association of dinoflagellate cysts and miospores. Thirty-six dinoflagellate species representing 26 genera were recorded, including one new peridinioid dinoflagellate species, Trithyrodinium partridgei characterized by a three-layered wall and a distinct brown, foveolate mesophragm. Trithyrodinium partridgei has a narrow range and at Fairfield Quarry co-occurs with typical New Zealand late Danian to Selandian index species such as Glaphyrocysta perforata and Alterbidinium pentaradiatum; hence it may prove an additional useful stratigraphic marker. The terrestrial palynomorph assemblage from samples within the range of Trithyrodinium partridgei includes 36 spore-pollen species dominated by the podocarp pollen Phyllocladidites mawsonii. The presence of Nothofagidites waipawaensis and Tricolpites phillipsii confirms a Paleocene age for the assemblage. The abundance of terrestrial palynomorphs and the composition of the dinocyst assemblages suggest a marine nearshore depositional environment.     

Children accused of witchcraft in 17th-century Finnmark

This article deals with six children accused of witchcraft in the district of Finnmark, Northern Norway, during a witchcraft panic in 1663. Through a narratological approach, the article presents close-readings of court records, trying to detect the various voices heard in the documents: the voice of the accused person, the voice of the law and the voice of the scribe. The article draws attention to four points discussed within ongoing witchcraft research: the role of the scribe, the individualized character of the children's confessions, oral transference of witchcraft ideas and the speed of transmission of ideas about witchcraft. The analyses show that children confessed to similar demonological elements as adults, similarly seen in other European countries. The contents must be known before the children were brought before the court, as their answers to leading questions were detailed. The voices of the children are individualized, there is no indication that the confessions are constructions made by the scribe. The influence of specific persons had great influence on transference of demonological ideas.     

中国国家图书馆藏BH5-4、5号佉卢文信件和买卖契约释读与翻译(英文)

<正>The Kharosthi documents in National Library of China,NO.BH5-4,5,are both rectangular wooden tablets.Although they have withstood more than a thousand years,the sealing lute and ropes on them were still intact. 1.Correspondence between two cozbos(BH5-5) The cover tablet of the document NO.BH5-5 measures 7.2×9.3×1.6cm,while the under tablet measures 7.3×15×0.7cm.On the under tablet,8 lines of Kharosthi characters are