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Life-cycle cost (LCC) analysis entails consideration of building performance throughout the structures’ life. The impact and interaction of topology irregularities and construction quality (CQ) on LCC, however, are often ignored and require a more detailed evaluation. In this article, different levels and interaction of soft story (SS) and CQ are analytically modeled to quantify corresponding fragility curves and LCC (by considering hazard level, limit state cost, and probability of being in different damage states). The proposed method is illustrated with a three-, six-, and nine-story reinforced concrete building located in Vancouver (located in west coast of Canada). 相似文献
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Rajeev Patke 《European Legacy》1999,4(4):94-97
Walter Benjamin's Other History: Of Stones, Animals, Human Beings, and Angels. By Beatrice Hanssen (Berkeley, Los Angeles, London: University of California Press, 1998), 218 pp. $35.00 cloth. 相似文献
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Paolo Franchin Paolo Emilio Pinto Pathmanathan Rajeev 《Journal of Earthquake Engineering》2013,17(7):989-1007
Eurocode 8 Part 3 (EC8-3) is devoted to assessment and retrofitting of existing buildings. In order to take into account the uncertainty in the knowledge of structural properties, EC8-3 defines, analogously to the ordinary material partial factors, an adjustment factor, called “confidence factor (CF),” whose value depends on the level of knowledge (KL) of properties such as geometry, reinforcement layout and detailing, and materials. This solution is plausible from a logical point of view but it cannot yet profit from the experience of its use in practice, hence it needs to be substantiated by a higher level probabilistic analysis accounting for and propagating epistemic uncertainty (i.e., incomplete knowledge of a structure) throughout the seismic assessment procedure. This article investigates the soundness of the format proposed in EC8-3. The approach taken rests on the simulation of the entire assessment procedure and the evaluation of the distribution of the assessment results (distance from the limit state of interest) conditional on the acquired knowledge. Based on this distribution, a criterion is employed to calibrate the CF values. The obtained values are then critically examined and compared with code-specified ones. The results pinpoint a number of deficiencies that appear to somewhat invalidate the approach. The methodological significance of the work extends beyond the assessment procedure in EC8-3, since similar factors appear in other international guidelines (e.g., the knowledge factor of FEMA356). 相似文献
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Rainer Grün Sheela Athreya Rachna Raj Rajeev Patnaik 《Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences》2012,4(1):25-28
High-resolution CT scanning of teeth with a resolution on the 20 to 30 μm scale introduces doses in the range of 250 to 420 Gy
in the tooth enamel. If the induced doses cannot be precisely estimated, subsequent ESR dating analysis becomes impossible.
Considering the increased availability of portable, high-resolution CT scanners, curators of valuable human dental fossils
have to make an informed decision whether they want to preclude ESR analysis, one of the few dating methods that can be applied
to older fossils. 相似文献
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