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When two‐dimensional zones are arranged into one‐dimensional tables, spatial characteristics on the original space should be preserved as much as possible. In this respect, we evaluate nine systematically generated zone orderings based on the magnitude of the Pearson's correlations of the order differences and the Euclidean distances. We show that standard row order is the best. The sensitivity of the shape and size of the study area, the critical distance, and the level of zonal aggregation are also examined.  相似文献   
2.
The objective of this paper is to formulate location-allocation models of linear facilities, such as bridges, railroad crossings, and staircases. The location-allocation models in this paper differ from existing location-allocation models in that the service provided by the facilities is consumed by trips, with associated origins and destinations. The first part of the paper shows the formulation of these location-allocation problems in one-dimensional space. It is demonstrated that these problems can also be formulated by the use of a rectilinear Voronoi diagram in two-dimensional space. The second part of the paper demonstrates fundamental relationships between the number of facilities and the total length of indirect trips and between the number of facilities and the total number of indirect trips for uniformly and independently distributed origins and destinations.  相似文献   
3.
This paper analyses commodity tax competition between two neighboringcountries whose governments are tax-revenue maximizers in atwo-dimensional market. The results suggest three conclusionsin a geographical sense. First, a small country sets a lowertax than does a big country, and per capita revenue of the smallcountry is larger than that of the big country. Second, thesetwo countries are subject to severer competitive pressure inthe case of a more curved national border. Finally, the impactof border curvature on tax and revenue differences are alwaysopposite in sign with the impact on tax and revenue ratios.  相似文献   
4.
As a rule, data to be used in locational analysis are either rounded up or rounded down. Therefore, error is incurred if such location data are used. The objective of this paper is to examine location error and cost error due to rounding in unweighted minisum and minimax problems in one-dimensional continuous space. Several conclusions on rounding effects are obtained by examining the respective mean-squared errors. First, rounding tends to exert more serious influence on the minisum problem than on the minimax problem. Second, in both location problems, the location error shows a pattern that is the inverse of that of the cost error.  相似文献   
5.
In Hotelling location models, an implicit assumption has been made that a customer uses the service provided by the firm, independent of other customers. However, for firms that supply meeting rooms, wedding halls, tennis courts, and golf links it is essential to incorporate the fact that the customer only uses the service in conjunction with other customers. The objective of this paper is to formulate the Hotelling location model n consideration of the interdependence among customers in one-dimensional space, and to characterize the state of equilibrium. In our model, each group of members within a given distance enjoys a fixed amount of service of the firms, under the assumption that the travel cost incurred by each group is defined as the travel cost of the farthest customer in the group.  相似文献   
6.
Landmarks in urban areas, such as castles, churches, bell towers, tall buildings, large hills, and tall trees, are common points of geographical reference in landscapes. However, modern construction methods have pushed buildings higher, so the visibility of these landmarks has been reduced. This article develops a simple analytical model for use in an urban setting to estimate how building height and density affect the area from where a landmark is visible. The probability of visibility from observation points will be derived by the use of a stochastic process. Three relationships between the visibility of a landmark and its setting are mathematically derived and illustrated using a monocentric city.  相似文献   
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