La controverse de Grotius,Hobbes et Spinoza sur le <Emphasis Type="Italic">jus circa sacra</Emphasis> textes,prétextes,contextes et circonstances

In this contribution, I sketch out a methodological framework for the study of controversies in the history of philosophy. It is built around four basic components: texts, contexts, pretexts and circumstances. I show how, once these four elements have been identified and systematically distinguished and distributed, a controversy has been localized and circumscribed. I show, moreover, how controversies are formally linked to each other through the migration of texts from one context to another. Next, I take as an example the controversy on the jus circa sacra, or “right of holy matters,” a key controversy in the political philosophy of the early modern period, focusing in particular on the work by Grotius, Hobbes and Spinoza.     

Die Abraham‐Gestalt im Jubiläenbuch versuch einer interpretation

Zusammenfassung

In diesem Aufsatz wird es versucht aufzuweisen, daß die Interpretation der Abraham‐Gestalt im Jubiläenbuch aus dem Stammvater Israels ein Prototyp der jüdische Gruppierung, die hinter diesem Pseudepigraph steht, nämlich die Essenern, gemacht hat. Dies zeigt sich bei einer Untersuchung der langen Reihe von inzwischen umfassenden Veränderungen, die der Verfasser des Jubiläenbuches im Verhältnis zur Abraham‐Schilderung der Genesis vorgenommen hat. Sie heben nämlich zuerst Abraham als den hervor, der sich aktiv mit dem Heidentum auseinandersetzt, auch innerhalb der eigenen Reihen. Dabei spiegelt diese Interpretation die Situation, die in Verbindung mit dem Religionsverbot des Antiochus IV. Epiphanes entstanden ist, und die zur Vorgeschichte derjenigen Essenern, die durch die Textfunde beim Toten Meer zu Tage gekommen sind, mitgehört.     

On morel's épilepsie larvee: The first Danish epileptologist Frederik hallager's opposition in 1884 against morel's psychical epileptic Equivalents*

Abstract

In 1860 B.A. Morel published some cases of masked epilepsy, i.e., paroxysmal behaviour disturbances or “epileptic equivalents”;. The majority behaved criminally. Hughlings Jackson opposed and Hallager showed that all the cases related later as épilepsie larvée could be explained as postepileptic attacks, general paralysis, paradoxical normalization, schizophrenia, mania and otherwise. True criminal behaviour was exeptional. The present author agreed. There is no need for épilepsie larvée. It is discussed whether Blumer's recent “Paroxystic neurobehaviour disorder”; will revive “Morel's disorder”;.     

From Coal to Wind

In March 1987, the Brundtland Report –Our Common Future – was published by the UN’s World Commission on Environment and Development. The recommendations of the report contributed worldwide to raising awareness of climate change. In particular, the energy sector became the object of anxiety, as production and the use of energy were pinpointed as some of the ‘crooks’ emitting most greenhouse gasses. Shortly after the publication of the report, the Danish government revised its energy planning and opened up for a radical change of the energy sector.

This article delves into this crucial change and, in doing so, suggests a historical answer to the question of why Denmark became one of the leading nations in transforming the energy sector from a power supply based on fossil fuels to a power generation system using a high percentage of renewables.