Editorial: Gender and sexual geographies of blackness: anti-black heterotopias (part 1)

This editorial theorizes the spatialization of black gender and sexual minorities. We examine the ways in which race, gender, and sexuality work to complicate the geographies of black gender and sexual marginality. Drawing on insights from Foucault's theory of heterotopia, we develop the concept of anti-black heterotopias to understand the spatial ordering of black gender and sexuality within the larger geographies of black people. We contend that if anti-black racism forces black people to live within contained landscapes that exist on the margins of whiteness, then black gender and sexual minorities, who are subject to violence and public ridicule, live in a placeless space, a location with no coordinates. In other words, the heterosexism/homophobia toward black gender and sexual minorities that is expressed in socio/spatial terms is complicit with the spatialization of anti-black racism. We also use anti-black heterotopias as a way to situate the eight articles in parts 1 and 2 of this themed section, as well as to highlight the theoretical linkages between them.     

Gender and sexual geographies of Blackness: new Black cartographies of resistance and survival (part 2)

The articles in part 2 of the themed section Gender and Sexual Geographies of Blackness focus on the creation of new cartographies of resistance, struggle, and survival in which black gender and sexual minority communities are engaged. Using black feminist readings of gender, sexuality, and geography as a point of departure, we consider the complex challenges that black gender and sexual minorities pose to conventional feminists and queer readings of space. These articles map unexplored sites of black struggle, resistance, and survival where black gender and sexual minorities confront marginalization and create new spaces of sociality, community, desire, pleasure, support, and love.     

INTRODUCTION: WHITHER SPATIAL ECONOMETRICS?

ABSTRACT Spatial econometrics has become a mainstay for regional scientists aiming to estimate geographic spillovers in regional outcomes. Yet, many remain skeptical, especially urban economists who prefer natural experimental approaches. Their concerns revolve around identification and a general lack of a theoretical foundation in the estimation of spatial econometric models. This theme issue includes three papers from leading regional scientists to appraise the status of spatial econometrics. The outcome is sweeping proposals from (1) abandoning standard spatial econometrics because it cannot identify causality, (2) using nonparametric approaches, and (3) implementing more nuanced changes revolving around better theoretical and empirical modeling.     

Engendering space: Ballroom culture and the spatial practice of possibility in Detroit

This article examines the ways in which Black lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) members of the Ballroom community create black queer space to contend with their spatial exclusion from and marginalization within public and private space in urban Detroit, Michigan. Existing in most urban centers throughout North America, Ballroom culture is a community and network of Black and Latina/o LGBT people. In this ethnography, I delineate the multiple functions of two mutually constitutive domains of Ballroom culture, kinship (the houses) and ritualized performance (the ball events). I use queer theories of geography and draw from Sonjah Stanley Niaah's notion of performance geography to examine the generative socio-spatial practices that Ballroom members deploy to forge alternative possibilities for Black LGBT life in Detroit. In many ways, members of the Ballroom community work to challenge and undo the alienating and oppressive realities of built environments in urban centers by undertaking the necessary social and performance labor that allow its members to revise and reconfigure exclusionary and oppressive spatial forms.     

Spillovers and the Locational Effects of Public Infrastructure

This paper examines the possibility of negative output spillovers frompublic infrastructure. A model of productive public capital shows that when input factors aremobile, public infrastructure investments in one location can draw production away from otherlocations. In a linear production-function framework, this effect would be manifested as anegative output spillover from public capital. Using data for California counties from 1969through 1988, such negative spillover effects are shown to exist in the case ofstreet-and-highway capital. The data show that changes in county output are positivelyassociated with changes in street-and-highway capital within the same county, but outputchanges are negatively associated with changes in street-and-highway capital in other counties.     

弱群心声：“出洋子弟勿相配”——珠三角侨乡歌谣中的出洋传统与家庭意识

随着鸦片战争后的出洋倾向,珠三角地区成为北美华人的祖籍家乡。北美六十多年的排华移民政策同时助长了当年珠三角侨乡的经济繁荣。然而,侨乡金山家庭物质富裕的表面,也掩盖了家庭分离中出洋者的谋生血泪和留守家里的金山妇的精神痛苦,对此华侨研究历史书上甚少记载或研究,却不加掩饰地生动地反映和保存在当年的妇孺民歌童谣里。本文以所收集到的新中国成立前的珠三角地区的妇孺民歌童谣为据,结合同时代在北美旧金山华人社区流传的粤讴体裁的＂金山歌＂作品,分析探讨了当年侨乡地方歌谣文化所反映的出洋传统、婚姻价值取向和留守家园的侨眷（妇孺）的生活形态、家庭意识及其不平则鸣的抗争声音。