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Jean-Pierre Cléro Bertrand Vergely Marie-Jeanne Königson-Montain Robert Theis Henri Olivier Jean Bernhardt Étienne François Jean-Christophe Goddard Michel Espagne Anne Lagny Peter Schöttler Patrie Sicard Edmond Oritgues Barbara de Negroni Thierry Wanegffelen Marie-Luce Demonet-Launay Mireille Harbert François Laplanche Antony McKenna Carl Aderhold Geneviève Hasenohr Patrick Gautier Dalché Joël Cornette Jean-François Baillon Monique Cotiret Jacques Le Brun Chantal Grell Vincent Milliot Perrine Simon-Nahum Éric Brian 《Revue de synthèse / Centre international de synthèse》1992,113(1-2):189-269
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Marie-Luce Desgrandchamps 《Journal of Genocide Research》2014,16(2-3):281-297
This article examines how international and humanitarian organizations participated and positioned themselves in relation to discourses on genocide during the Nigeria–Biafra war (1967–70). During the first half of the conflict, the powerful Biafran propaganda regularly accused the Nigerian government of genocide against the Biafran population. The article looks at the way in which the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC), one of the main humanitarian organizations present on the ground, reacted to Biafran accusations. In doing so, it analyses how information received from delegates in the field were apprehended and used—or not—by the headquarters. It shows that the ICRC attitude towards public denunciation was more nuanced than is often presented. Furthermore, the article sheds light on the involvement of the UN in the promotion of the counter-discourse developed by the Nigerian government to deny the genocide accusations. With a focus on the outcomes in the field, it fathoms the leeway the organization had in this situation—a civil war—and how it used it. The limits of the counter-discourse, illustrated by the persistence of the accusation of genocide by groups like the French doctors, reveal the complexities involved in the usage of this term by relief workers. Finally, in studying the way in which these international and humanitarian organizations dealt with genocide claims, this article contributes to the history of the violence that took place during the war. 相似文献
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