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Luke O'Sullivan 《History of European Ideas》2016,42(2):178-194
SummaryThe term ‘category mistake’ began to turn up regularly in public discourse in the 1990s as a general term to describe a confusion between different fields of thought with serious practical consequences. But it began its career in philosophy, introduced by Gilbert Ryle in The Concept of Mind in 1949 to attack Cartesian dualism and assert a monistic solution to the so-called mind-body problem. This paper traces the stages by which it came into general usage, arguing that while by the later 1960s it had generally been rejected by philosophers, it was saved from disappearance by its migration into fields such as psychology and theology. From there, it moved into critical theory and then into international relations. Its entry into these latter areas first made plain its potential in political argument. Eventually, multiple meanings of the term came to coexist with one another, with the practical and rhetorical usage supplementing rather than replacing its original philosophical sense. 相似文献
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Complexity science and human geography 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
David O'Sullivan 《Transactions (Institute of British Geographers : 1965)》2004,29(3):282-295
Complexity science has attracted considerable attention in a number of disciplines. However, this perspective on scientific understanding remains ill defined. In this paper, ideas and approaches from complexity science are reviewed. It appears that complexity science fundamentally is driven by ontological decisions on the part of the investigator. This is a result of the epistemological approach fundamental to complexity as it is currently studied, which is based on the construction of computer simulation models of reality. This methodology requires that researchers decide what exists and is important enough to represent in a simulation, and also what to leave out. Although this points to serious difficulties with complexity science, it is argued that the approach nevertheless has much to offer human geography. Drawing on complexity science, renewed engagements between physical and human geography, and between both and geographical information science seem possible, based on clearly shared concerns with the representation of geographical phenomena. In conclusion, it is suggested that seeing models as a source of geographical narratives may be a useful way to promote constructive engagement between different perspectives in the discipline. 相似文献
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Dominic O'Sullivan 《Australian journal of political science》2008,43(2):317-331
This paper identifies three discourses that are prominent in contemporary Treaty of Waitangi policy debate, each with significantly different implications for Maori political status within the modern nation-state. At one extreme the Treaty's significance is exaggerated by overemphasis on partnership as an implicit Treaty principle. At another extreme the Treaty's significance is understated by an assimilationist position that denies the Treaty's relevance to Indigenous rights which, in turn, imposes serious constraint on the extent to which partnership can actually develop into comprehensive policy practice. An alternative position is one that sees the Treaty, which is supported in international law, as affirming a twofold conception of citizenship as the basis of both individual and collective Maori rights. 相似文献
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Christina Luke 《International Journal of Cultural Policy》2019,25(7):831-842
ABSTRACTThis paper traces the cultural missions and salvage archaeology programs along the Euphrates River around Raqqa from the 1950s onwards. We suggest that the varied investments from international expeditions, conservation programs, and technical assistance in Syria have an important, untold history that is relevant to recent developments and conflicts in northern Syria. We explore the intersecting practices of archaeology and assistance, illuminated by archives drawn from international agencies such as UNESCO, as well as companies, consultants, bureaucrats, and archaeologists. Our focus is upon foreign intervention around imperiled heritage, considering not only internal politics but also UNESCO’s 1960s shift from fully funded campaigns to global appeals reliant on foreign governments, corporations, and universities. The outsourcing of salvage allowed specific patrons – national and international – to privilege particular pasts; and it is these histories and legacies that further require us to reassess the place of Raqqa in the current civil war. 相似文献
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Luke A. Gliganic Zenobia Jacobs Richard G. Roberts 《Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences》2012,4(2):115-135
Mumba rockshelter is a key archaeological site for the Middle and Later Stone Age occupation of East Africa, but its chronology
has remained unresolved. We report the results of a dating study, focussing on the characterisation of the optically stimulated
luminescence (OSL) and infrared stimulated luminescence (IRSL) properties of quartz- and potassium-rich feldspar grains. Quartz
has previously proven troublesome for dating in East Africa. We identified five general types of quartz grain behaviour, based
on the shapes of their OSL decay and dose–response curves. Dose recovery experiments and measurement of the natural samples
revealed particular problems with quartz grains that had hyperbolic dose–response curves, low characteristic saturation doses
and anomalously large changes in sensitivity between regenerative-dose cycles. The use of pulsed irradiation during measurement
and standard and additional quality-assurance criteria during data analysis reduced the number of grains that suffered from
these problems. We applied these procedures to individual grains of quartz from eight samples and, using appropriate statistical
models, identified post-depositional mixing in three samples. The remaining samples had scattered equivalent-dose distributions
typical of quartz grains that had received variable beta dose rates during burial. Stratigraphically consistent OSL ages were
obtained for all but the deepest sample. Feldspar ages were estimated for the latter sample and three other samples, using
the elevated temperature IRSL signal that exhibited low rates of anomalous fading. Fading-corrected feldspar ages for the
latter three samples are consistent with their single-grain quartz ages, but single-grain dating is needed to address problems
of post-depositional mixing. 相似文献
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Stephen Luke Zegura 《Reviews in Anthropology》2013,42(1):110-117
Joseph B. Birdsell. Human Evolution: An Introduction to the New Physical Anthropology. Chicago: Rand McNally, 1972. xiii + 546 pp. Illustrations, figures, bibliography, and index. $9.95 Bobby J. Williams. Evolution and Human Origins: An Introduction to Physical Anthropology. New York: Harper & Row, 1973. ix + 277 pp. Illustrations, bibliography, and index. $10.95. 相似文献
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