“中国之治”的制度优势

党的十九届四中全会站在党和国家事业全局和战略高度,立足当前,着眼长远,专门研究审议了坚持和完善中国特色社会主义制度、推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化的重大问题,从坚定制度自信和推进制度创新的结合上系统回答了“坚持和巩固什么、完善和发展什么”这个重大政治问题,第一次集中概括了中国特色社会主义制度有机联系、相辅相成、汇聚整体的显著优势,系统阐述了由根本制度、基本制度、重要制度构成的层次清晰、全面系统的科学制度体系,明确提出了推进我国制度建设和国家治理的指导思想、总体要求、总体目标、战略途径和重大举措。这次全会通过的《中共中央关于坚持和完善中国特色社会主义制度推进国家治理体系和治理能力现代化若干重大问题的决定》(以下简称《决定》)A,充分体现了以习近平同志为核心的党中央对中国特色社会主义建设规律认识的深化,对科学社会主义理论与实践的丰富发展,为成功实现“中国之治”提供了深厚的制度基础和有力的制度保障。     

阆中大像山石窟的形制、题材与时代

位于四川省阆中市的大像山石窟,主要开凿于中晚唐和宋代,明清时期也有少量开凿。现有37龛,以方形龛、外方内圆拱形龛及圆拱形龛为主,方形龛最为多见。龛楣大多无装饰,雕刻简单。题材主要有弥勒佛、七佛、千佛、观音、天王、力士、经幢及舍利塔等。造像组合较少,以单身造像为多。阆中独特的地理位置,使得大像山石窟兼具广元、巴中两地石窟的特点,其丰富的内容为巴蜀佛教石窟寺的深入研究提供了重要的实物资料。     

Earthquake Resilience of Reinforced Concrete Structural Walls with Replaceable “Fuses”

The concept of providing a fuse in a structural system has been both developed and investigated over the past few years (e.g., the use of replaceable links in eccentrically braced frames or the use of replaceable links in the new San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge). This paper presents a new coupling beam with a creative fuse installed in the mid-span of a steel-concrete composite beam via an end plate and high-strength bolts. First, a practical design methodology of a replaceable coupling beam is presented. Next, the seismic behavior of the proposed fuse is tested and evaluated, and two structural wall specimens with or without a fuse are designed and fabricated according to the proposed design methods. The two specimens possess similar shear capacities under large-scale cyclic loading, and the walls of the two specimens show similar failure modes; however, the new walls exhibit slightly lower levels of damage than the conventional walls. In particular, the inelastic deformation and damage of replaceable coupling beams are mainly concentrated in the fuse, whereas the non-yield segment and the beam-wall pier interfaces remain nearly intact and produce only slight damage, which is beneficial regarding the replacement of the fuse in post-earthquake events.     

人流联系和经济联系视角下区域城市关联比较——基于手机信令数据和企业关联数据的研究

手机信令数据所代表的人流联系与国内外研究常用的企业关联数据在测度城市关联存在何种差异,尚缺乏明确的研究。本文以江西省北部地区为研究对象,分别以手机信令数据、企业关联数据测度城市关联,比较了两种城市关联与城市之间空间距离、人口规模的关系,比较了两种城市关联网络的层级、结构、腹地。主要研究发现：人流联系不仅集中在城市周边地区,而且集中于较高等级城市之间;经济联系则主要集中在较高等级城市之间。人流联系、经济联系受到城市人口规模影响均较小。人流联系显著地符合幂函数空间衰减规律。手机信令数据和企业关联数据是两种不同的城市关联数据,但可互为补充,较为全面地反映城市关联。     

全球化视野下亚洲科技人才移民美国的历史透视

二战后,随着经济全球化的发展,人口迁移的全球化趋势和规模日新月异,流向美国的亚洲移民与日俱增,其中以技术移民尤为突出。从1970年代起,亚洲就成为当代美国技术移民的首要来源。这既与美国移民政策变化所产生的拉力作用相关,也源于战后亚洲国际关系中地缘政治格局的变化。由于许多亚洲国家曾长期遭受欧美列强的殖民统治,它们在战后也因为工业化的发展而进入社会转型时期,其人口压力、经济落后和生活水平低下等因素合力发酵,使亚洲各国都出现了其人口在国内、国际和洲际三个层次上的大规模迁移与流动。大批技术移民流向美国,既是亚洲各国人口流动的组成部分,也是亚洲国家参与经济全球化进程中的必然趋势。虽然回流亚洲的技术移民逐渐增多,但从整体上看,亚洲仍然是当今世界上人才流失最多的地区。     

山西原平北贾铺东汉墓葬所见的北方草原文化因素——附汉鲜卑遗存的发现与辨识

2005年山西省考古研究所在原平市北贾铺村清理了东汉中晚期的7座墓葬。通过随葬陶器以及棺内铺垫石灰,死者头枕灰泥枕等埋葬习俗等因素的对比分析,发现这批墓葬的主人与当时活跃在北方草原的鲜卑集团关系密切。原平地处汉魏时期的雁门郡,是当时北方游牧集团南下侵扰比较频繁的地区,也是中原王朝安置归附的北方游牧集团部众的区域之一。结合文献记载,北贾铺东汉晚期墓葬的人群很可能属于当时归附于中原王朝的鲜卑部众,而这些率先接受了汉文化影响的鲜卑集团有可能在埋葬习俗等方面对建立北魏的拓跋鲜卑产生过一定的影响。     

Fluid mixing induced by hydrothermal activity in the ordovician carbonates in Tarim Basin,China

Permian hydrothermal activity in the Tarim Basin may have been responsible for the invasion of hot brines into Ordovician carbonate reservoirs. Studies have been undertaken to explain the origin and geochemical characteristics of the diagenetic fluid present during this hydrothermal event although there is no consensus on it. We present a genetic model resulting from the study of δ¹³C, δ¹⁸O, δ³⁴S, and ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr isotope values and fluid inclusions (FIs) from fracture‐ and vug‐filling calcite, saddle dolomite, fluorite, barite, quartz, and anhydrite from Ordovician outcrops in northwest (NW) Tarim Basin and subsurface cores in Central Tarim Basin. The presence of hydrothermal fluid was confirmed by minerals with fluid inclusion homogenization temperatures being >10°C higher than the paleo‐formation burial temperatures both in the NW Tarim and in the Central Tarim areas. The mixing of hot (>200°C), high‐salinity (>24 wt% NaCl), ⁸⁷Sr‐rich (up to 0.7104) hydrothermal fluid with cool (60–100°C), low‐salinity (0 to 3.5 wt% NaCl), also ⁸⁷Sr‐rich (up to 0.7010) meteoric water in the Ordovician unit was supported by the salinity of fluid inclusions, and δ¹³C, δ¹⁸O, and ⁸⁷Sr/⁸⁶Sr isotopic values of the diagenetic minerals. Up‐migrated hydrothermal fluids from the deeper Cambrian strata may have contributed to the hot brine with high sulfate concentrations which promoted thermochemical sulfate reduction (TSR) in the Ordovician, resulting in the formation of ¹²C‐rich (δ¹³C as low as ?13.8‰) calcite and ³⁴S‐rich (δ³⁴S values from 21.4‰ to 29.7‰) H₂S, pyrite, and elemental sulfur. Hydrothermal fluid mixing with fresh water in Ordovician strata in Tarim Basin was facilitated by deep‐seated faults and up‐reaching faults due to the pervasive Permian magmatic activity. Collectively, fluid mixing, hydrothermal dolomitization, TSR, and faulting may have locally dissolved the host carbonates and increased the reservoir porosity and permeability, which has significant implications for hydrocarbon exploration.     

地方发展变迁与居民地方感关系研究——以广州荔枝湾涌历史文化街区为例

本文以广州荔枝湾涌历史文化街区为例,运用扎根理论研究荔枝湾涌1940年代以来地方发展变迁与居民地方感的关系,进而挖掘居民地方感变化机制。研究发现：荔枝湾涌居民的地方感主要受生态环境、建筑与配套服务、集体记忆、活动类型、人际关系等因素的影响,其中生态环境起主导性作用;积极地方感主要来源于集体记忆的保留与延续;消极地方感主要来源于破旧的居住环境及落后的配套服务;此外,文章提出内向型地方感和外向型地方感的概念,认为随着城市发展,在地方发展变迁过程中,地方感由内向型地方感转变为内向型和外向型相结合的地方感。两种地方感相互作用,互相调节,更有利于地方稳定、开放、包容地发展。     

契丹陶器的编年

辽代瓷器的研究已取得丰硕的成果,但对于契丹传统陶器的研究却没有得到应有的重视.通过对契丹最具特色的传统陶器的排序与编年的研究,不仅了解了契丹陶器发展演变的脉络,同时辨识出远在建立辽王朝之前的契丹遗存,并确认了其同鲜卑遗存的一定联系.契丹陶器的演化表明在建立辽代发展的过程中,随着经济实力的增强和技术工艺的发展,传统陶器逐渐被釉陶或瓷器所替代,走向了衰落.     

辽金元三代懿州治所考

本文根据文献与考古资料,认为辽越国公主槊古公主以从嫁户所建的头下城懿州即今辽宁阜新塔营子古城.改为行政州以后,懿州下辖宁昌、顺安两县,顺安就是塔营子古城,宁昌即塔营子北10公里的平安地古城.辽代末年,将懿州州治从顺安迁到了宁昌.金皇统三年(1143年)又将宁昌省入顺安,州治也迁回了顺安,此后至元代,没有变化,懿州州治一直在塔营子古城.