LA COMMISSION INTERNATIONALE DE GÉOMORPHOLOGIE PÉRIGLACIAIRE ET LE CANADA

ABSTRACT. The I.G.U. Commission on Periglacial Morphology was set up in 1949 and Us first report was presented to the 11th Congress in Washington in 1952. Between 1952 and 1956, the Commission published a select bibliography on periglacial phenomena and a few national maps were produced. A short study on Canadian periglacial morphology appears in the general report to the 16th Congress in Rio de Janeiro in 1956. From that date Canada has been represented on the Commission, which has met in Spain and Poland. During 1959, a national map of Canadian periglacial phenomena will be prepared for presentation at the 19th Congress in Stockholm in 1960.     

LE POSSIBILISME DE HAROLD INNIS

Cet article vise à préciser la position possibiliste de Harold Innis, a G en explorer les fondements et à en dégager la portée dans son oeuvre. On montre que les orientations de base de son possibilisme sont très convergentes avec celles des vidaliens. Ses points d'appui néo-kantiens sont soulignés à ce sujet. Sa portée est manifeste dans trois thèmes: la problématique de la formation territoriale du Canada, I'importance de la technologie et la part accordée à la liberté humaine .
This article aims at outlining the possibilist position of Harold Innis, at exploring its foundations, and at showing its bearing on his written work. It is shown that the basic orientations of his possibilism converge with those of the Vidalians. In this respect, its neo-Kantian supports are underlined. Its significance in his thought is made apparent in three themes: the problem of, and approach to, the territorial formation of Canada, the importance given to technology, and the leeway given to human free will .     

DISPARITÉS TERRITORIALES, JUSTICE SOCIALE ET POLITIQUES DE TRANSPORT AU XIXe SIÈCLE. LE CAS DES CHEMINS DE FER D';INTÉRÊT LOCAL AU LUXEMBOURG

En privilégiant le dévelppement d'une industrie moderne et l'urbanisation au Luxembourg au xix^e siècle, en transformant l'organisation de l'espace et en creant une hiérarchic nouvelle des voies de communication et des conditions d'accès, le chemin de fer fut source de désé quilibrer territoriaux et de conflits et tensions entre groupes et intérêts régionaux et entraîna une adaptation du système de transport qui transita par le système social. Pour des motifs de justice sociale l'Etat encouragea l'expansion ferroviaire sous forme de lignes d'intérêt local à voie étroite dans des secteurs à l'écart des grandes lignes. C'est un exemple, au xix^e siècle, de l'intervention croissante des pouvoirs publics dans le domaine des transports, et de l'effet de facteurs sociaux sur le développement ferroviaire.
The railway was largely responsible for industrial and urban development, and transformed the spatial organization of Luxembourg in the nineteenth century. It led to a new hierarchy of transport routes and conditions of accessibility, and became a factor in spatial disparities, and a source of tension and conflict between regional interests. In reaction, and for reasons of social justice, the state embarked upon a program of rail expansion and encouraged the formation of a number of narrowgauge lines in regions not served by trunk lines. It is an early example of state involvement in transport development, and of the role of social factors in railway expansion.     

Can You Hear us Now? Voices from the Margin: Using Indigenous Methodologies in Geographic Research

Indigenous methodologies are an alternative way of thinking about research processes. Although these methodologies vary according to the ways in which different Indigenous communities express their own unique knowledge systems, they do have common traits. This article argues that research on Indigenous issues should be carried out in a manner which is respectful and ethically sound from an Indigenous perspective. This naturally challenges Western research paradigms, yet it also affords opportunities to contribute to the body of knowledge about Indigenous peoples. It is further argued that providing a mechanism for Indigenous peoples to participate in and direct these research agendas ensures that their communal needs are met, and that geographers then learn how to build ethical research relationships with them. Indigenous methodologies do not privilege Indigenous researchers because of their Indigeneity, since there are many ‘insider’ views, and these are thus suitable for both Indigenous and non‐Indigenous researchers. However, there is a difference between research done within an Indigenous context using Western methodologies and research done using Indigenous methodologies which integrates Indigenous voices. This paper will discuss those differences while presenting a historical context of research on Indigenous peoples, providing further insights into what Indigenous methodologies entail, and proposing ways in which the academy can create space for this discourse.