Human and Natural Controls on the Accumulation,Acidification and Drainage of Pyritic Sediments: Pearl River Delta,China and Coastal New South Wales

There is increasing concern about environmental impacts of acidic drainage from acid sulphate soils on Holocene estuarine flood plains. Acidity derives from oxidation of iron pyrite in the sediments. Natural factors determine concentrations and distributions of pyrite accumulations, but human activities have reduced pyrite accumulation in the Pearl River Delta with land use practices increasing terrestrial sediment discharge. Large freshwater discharges and management techniques have enabled sustainable use of these soils. High concentrations of pyrite occur in many estuarine flood plains of Australia because of relatively greater marine inputs. Drainage of these soils enhances pyrite oxidation and estuarine acidification, which is associated with fish-kills. For sustainable development, the problems of acid sulphate soil drainage must be recognised and overcome.     

The changing pattern of urban fertility in eastern Australia 1966–1976

The article seeks to enhance understanding of post-transitional demographic change by examining the working out at the local level of the macro-scale societal processes underpinning the recent cyclic oscillation in Australian reproductive behaviour. Variations in urban marital and overall fertility between 1966 and 1971 and between 1971 and 1976 are described and analysed. In general, inter-urban variability in both measures diminished greatly, as did the explanatory power of ecological differentials, suggesting widespread acceptance of the small family norm throughout the study-area. While the process of convergence was continuous for marital fertility, structural changes contributed to later divergence of overall fertility levels, in accordance with Alonso's cyclical model of change. The current low level of residual inter-urban variability suggests that little more may be gained from analyses of this type.     

PROCEDURES FOR COMPARING AND COMBINING RADIOCARBON AGE DETERMINATIONS: A CRITIQUE

Archaeologists, along with other Quaternary researchers, seldom rely upon a single radiocarbon determination to provide an estimate of the age of the phenomenon which is the object of their study. There is an evident need for an explicitly formulated procedure for comparing sets of radiocarbon determinations from the same and from adjacent strata or sites, and for combining these where statistical and archaeological criteria indicate that this combination is warranted. The present contribution provides explicit modelling for a series of recommended procedures, a critique of previous methods, and paradigms for application of the recommended procedures.     

三件王原祁画作的辨伪

本文就传世的三件相互关联的王原祁画作,即两件年款相同的《仿大痴山水图》轴以及与其中一件题识雷同的《西岭云霞图》卷,一并加以讨论,通过对其中文字及其书法、绘画风格的考鉴,认定此三件作品为伪作。     

辨所谓"淳化令式"

<玉海>卷66<诏令·律令下>淳化编敕条引司马光<稽古录>日:"淳化五年八月初行淳化编敕,太宗以开元二十六(劲案:"六"当作"五")年所定<令>、<式>修为淳化令式."仁井田陞先生<唐令拾遗>序说第一<唐令的史的研究>四<唐后令>,据此并<玉海>前文及<直斋书录解题>述淳化中校勘唐代<令>、<式>之事,以之为宋修<令>、<式>之始,目之为<淳化令>及<淳化式>.     

基于新休假制度的上海居民出游方式及特点研究

休假制度是影响居民出游活动的重要条件。本文以上海为例,在市场调查数据基础上,针对新的休假制度颁布后上海居民在出游方式选择上表现出来的各种偏好进行了分析和比较,并对相关特点展开了讨论。     

Labour Relations and the Transfer of Knowledge in Industrial Clusters: Why do Skilled Workers Share Knowledge with Colleagues in Other Firms?

Industrial clusters are held to offer competitive advantages to firms that accrue from the transfer of tacit knowledge between skilled workers co-located in spatially bound regions. This paper argues that informal knowledge transfers between skilled employees working in spatially bounded industrial clusters might have an association with the labour relationship between employers and employees. In the literature on industrial clusters general knowledge is readily traded through codified texts and collegial networks but high value, tacit knowledge transfers occur less frequently but are critical to the success of firms located in clusters. Tacit knowledge transfers are held to occur when workers move to other firms because of firm death or poaching but less frequently through contacts between colleagues from other firms. Industrial clusters are said to offer labour market advantages for skilled workers in the form of ample job opportunities and rising wages, which engender firm loyalty and discourage the transfer of tacit knowledge of competitive value to other firms. However, the limited empirical evidence available on actual working conditions for skilled workers in regional industrial clusters indicates that this argument is contestable. Some evidence suggests that there are limited wage premiums accruing to the industrial districts, a limited role for geographic proximity, and weak localised returns on seniority and education. We argue that in such circumstances high value knowledge between workers in different firms might be traded as an act of epistemic solidarity or sociability that disregards the interests of employer organisations. Such actions might vary by region and country in relation to the prevailing system of labour relations. Australian labour relations are offered as a case in point.     

临安水丘氏墓出土越窑青瓷的病害评估与成因分析探讨

为制定临安水丘氏墓出土的三件唐代越窑青瓷相应的保护修复方案提供必要的依据,对其病害状态进行分类,结合对同期、同类青瓷标本进行微观形貌观察、瓷釉XRF分析、瓷器表面附着物的XRF及离子色谱分析等,以期对这三件越窑青瓷文物的病害与形成原因进行分析.结果表明,此批出土越窑青瓷在烧造过程中存在一定的缺陷.很多生烧的器物,其胎和釉比一般瓷器较为疏松,更易受考古出土环境中可溶盐的侵蚀.存在的裂隙甚至会随着环境的改变而加剧.在此基础上,定义并且绘制病害图例,对其病害类型进行区分,以利于制定科学有效的保护修复措施,使文物保护修复工作更具科学性、有针对性和可操作性.     

Literacy and Writing: Ideology in Practice

Four recent books deal with the origins of early writing systems, the implications of texts and artifacts on the development of cognitive process and social practice, and the importance of textual artifacts for cultural cohesion and attendant issues of power and identity. This review draws out the interrelation of writing and speech, the conceptualization of literacy as singular and autonomous or multiple and ideological, and where and how to place forms of visual communication within the paradigm of “literacy.”